Energy, macronutrient, and food intakes in relation to energy compensation in consumers who drink different types of milk
Energy, macronutrient, and food intakes in relation to energy compensation in consumers who drink different types of milk
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/67.4.616
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Smith, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, HHC;Gerrior, SA;Smith, JA
为了检验低脂（低脂和脱脂）牛奶饮用者的总脂肪摄入量是否真的较低，以及低脂牛奶饮用者是否补偿了能量摄入，我们比较了食物的摄入量。能量和能量产生的营养素在减少脂肪牛奶饮用者和全脂牛奶饮用者使用美国农业部的1989-1991年全国食物摄入量数据库，持续调查食物摄入量的个人。该数据库代表了15128人的全国分层抽样人口。在调查人群中，大约三分之一消费全脂牛奶，三分之一消费低脂牛奶，十分之一消费脱脂牛奶，十分之一消费混合类型的牛奶。这些数据提供了以下信息：I）低脂牛奶饮用者的总脂肪摄入量显着增加，（P ≤ 0.05）低于全脂牛奶饮用者：2）总体而言，男性通过增加碳水化合物的摄入来补偿能量，而女性则不然; 3）低脂牛奶饮用者消耗更多的水果和蔬菜（P ≤ 0.05）少吃红肉和甜食（P小于或等于0.05）与全脂牛奶饮用者相比：4）通过减少总脂肪摄入量，几个年龄组的脱脂牛奶饮用者已经达到了美国的脂肪摄入量饮食目标，即，少于或等于30%的能量摄入来自脂肪; 5）青少年补偿能量摄入量是所有年龄组中最少的; 6）随着年龄的增长，喝牛奶的人越来越少，喝全脂牛奶的人也越来越少。这些数据表明，在能量补偿方面存在显着的性别差异，低脂牛奶饮用者比全脂牛奶饮用者消耗的脂肪显着（P小于或等于0.05），美国饮食中脂肪摄入的目标实际上可以通过食用低脂食品（如脱脂牛奶）和限制高脂肪食品（如红肉）的摄入来实现。
To examine whether total fat intake is actually lower in reduced-fat (low-fat and skim) milk drinkers and whether reduced-fat-milk drinkers compensate for energy intake we compared the intakes of foods. energy, and energy-yielding nutrients in reduced-fat-milk drinkers and whole milk drinkers by using the US Department of Agriculture's 1989-1991 nationwide food intake database, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. This database represents a national stratified sample population of 15 128 individuals. Of the survey population, approximately one-third consumed whole milk, one-third consumed low-fat milk, one-tenth consumed skim milk, and one-tenth consumed mixed types of milk. The data provided the following information: I) total fat intake of reduced-fat-milk drinkers is significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower than that of whole milk drinkers: 2) in general, males but not females compensate for energy by increasing their carbohydrate intake; 3) reduced-fat-milk drinkers consume more fruit and vegetables (P less than or equal to 0.05) and less red meat and sweets (P less than or equal to 0.05) than whole milk drinkers: 4) through their reduction in total fat intake, several age groups of skim milk drinkers have achieved the US dietary goal for fat intake, ie, less than or equal to 30% of energy intake from fat; 5) teenagers compensate for energy intake the least of all age groups; and 6) with advancing age, fewer people drink milk and fewer drink whole milk. The data indicate significant sex differences in energy compensation, that reduced-fat-milk drinkers consume significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) less fat than whole milk drinkers, and that the US dietary goal for fat intake may be practically achieved by consuming reduced-fat foods such as skim milk and limiting intakes of high-fat foods such as red meat.