Global environmental losses of plastics across their value chains
Global environmental losses of plastics across their value chains
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104459
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
M. Ryberg;M. Hauschild;Feng Wang;S. Averous-Monnery;Alexis Laurent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ryberg;M. Hauschild;Feng Wang;S. Averous-Monnery;Alexis Laurent
随着对海洋塑料污染的日益关注，需要量化世界上塑料的环境损失，并区分地理区域、聚合物和沿着塑料价值链的损失发生情况。在这项研究中，我们利用现有的文献和数据库，结合改进的和额外的损失方法模型，对整个塑料价值链中塑料对环境的损失进行了全球估计。由此产生的损失估计在聚合物（23），塑料应用（13），地理区域（11）和塑料价值链阶段之间的详细区别是前所未有的。我们还进行了全面的敏感性和不确定性分析，以确定塑料损失的主要驱动因素。我们总体发现，2015年约有620万吨（95%置信区间，CI：2.0-20.4 Mt）的大塑料和300万吨（CI：1.5-5.2 Mt）的微塑料流失到环境中。主要的宏观塑料损失来源被确定为低收入和中低收入国家管理不善的城市固体废物（MSW）管理（410万吨）。对于微塑料，主要来源是轮胎橡胶的磨损、道路标记的磨损和导致城市灰尘产生的塑料。为了遏制海洋塑料污染，需要像我们这样的量化地图来评估不同来源和位置的塑料对环境的损失程度，并进一步评估其对环境的损害。通过我们的不确定性和敏感性分析，我们强调了在进一步的研究工作中应该优先考虑的塑料来源，以获得更全面和准确的全球塑料损失的代表性。
With the increasing focus on marine plastic pollution, quantification of the environmental losses of plastics in the world, with differentiation into geographic regions, polymers and loss occurrences along the plastics value chains, is required. In this study, we make a global estimation of the losses of plastics to the environment across the entire plastic value chain, using existing literature and databases coupled with improved and additional methodological modelling of the losses. The resulting loss estimates are unprecedented in their detailed differentiations between polymers (23), plastic applications (13), geographical regions (11), and plastic value chain stages. Comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were also conducted to identify key drivers in terms of plastic losses. We overall found that approximately 6.2 Mt (95% confidence interval, CI: 2.0–20.4 Mt) of macroplastics and 3.0 Mt (CI: 1.5–5.2 Mt) of microplastics were lost to the environment in 2015. The major macroplastic loss source was identified as the mismanaged municipal solid waste (MSW) management in low-income and lower-middle income countries (4.1 Mt). For microplastics, the major sources were abrasion of tyre rubbers, abrasion of road markings and plastics contributing to city dust generation. To curb marine plastic pollution, such quantified mapping as ours are needed to evaluate the magnitude of the plastics losses to environment from different sources and locations, and enable a further assessment of their environmental damage. Through our uncertainty and sensitivity analyses, we highlight plastics sources that should be prioritized in further research works to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate representation of global plastics losses.