Understanding wider environmental influences on mentoring: Towards an ecological model of mentoring in academic medicine.
Understanding wider environmental influences on mentoring: Towards an ecological model of mentoring in academic medicine.
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DOI：
10.5644/ama2006-124.126
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sambunjak, Dario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sambunjak, Dario
未贴标：指导是一种复杂的发展关系，有助于个人成长和职业发展的不同领域的人类活动，包括学术医学。本文介绍了一个更广泛的环境中发生的辅导，并认为在环境因素可能会影响辅导的过程和结果的方式。一个生态模式的指导，提出了考虑到各种因素广泛运作在三个上下文层次。首先是社会或“宏观”层面，这意味着文化、经济和政治因素。第二个层次是机构或“中间”层次，包括a）与系统有关的因素，如领域和学科特点以及政府政策，以及B）与组织有关的因素，如指导氛围、奖励结构和工作设计。第三个情境层次涉及导师-学员二元关系的个人内部和人际特征。如果导师二分体被视为焦点，社会和机构层面可能被标记为“外部”，个人层面为“内部”。需要承认指导研究中的概念多样性和方法挑战，但不应以此为借口将外部背景因素排除在研究者视野之外，因为它们不可避免地塑造和修改指导关系。本文中提出的模型提供了一个全面的观点，指导在学术医学，可能有助于理解和欣赏的复杂性影响指导，并为这一重要课题的未来研究议程提供信息。
UNLABELLED: Mentoring is a complex developmental relationship that contributes to individual growth and career advancement in different areas of human activity, including academic medicine. This article describes a broader environmental milieux in which mentoring occurs and considers the ways in which the environmental factors may affect the process and outcomes of mentoring. An ecological model of mentoring is proposed that takes into account various factors broadly operating at three contextual levels. The first is societal or "macro" level, which implies cultural, economic, and political factors. The second is institutional or "meso" level, consisting of a) system-related factors such as field and discipline characteristics, and government policies, and b) organization-related factors such as mentoring climate, reward structure, and work design. The third contextual level relates to intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics of mentor-mentee dyads. If mentoring dyad is viewed as the focal point, societal and institutional levels may be labeled as "external", and personal level as "internal". The conceptual diversity and methodological challenges in the study of mentoring need to be acknowledged, but should not be an excuse to leave the external contextual elements out of the researchers' horizon, as they inevitably shape and modify the mentoring relationships.CONCLUSION: Model presented in this article offers a holistic view of mentoring in academic medicine that may help one comprehend and appreciate the complexity of influences on mentoring, and inform the future research agenda on this important topic.