Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organofluorine in lakes and waterways of the northwestern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and organofluorine in lakes and waterways of the northwestern Great Basin and Sierra Nevada
复制标题
大盆地西北部和内华达山脉湖泊和水道中的全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质以及有机氟
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166971
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Hanigan, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DeNicola, Michael;Lin, Zunhui;Quiñones, Oscar;Vanderford, Brett;Song, Mingrui;Westerhoff, Paul;Dickenson, Eric;Hanigan, David
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)是环境中普遍存在的人为化学品，与人类和水生生物的许多不利健康影响有关。虽然已经进行了许多环境监测研究，但只有一项研究对西北大盆地地表水中的PFAS进行了评估，该盆地具有独特的地形，导致数十个内河流域和终端湖泊没有自然出口，可能会在那里聚集PFAS。为了缩小这一认识差距，我们评估了来自美国内华达州和加利福尼亚州大盆地的15个湖泊(源头湖泊和末端湖泊)和10条河流的抓取样本中全氟辛烷磺酸的存在情况。用LC-MS/MS和燃烧离子色谱法分别对全氟和有机氟进行了定量。全氟辛烷磺酸的最高浓度出现在已知或怀疑曾使用过水成膜泡沫塑料的地点附近(~20至4754 ng/L)。污水处理厂附近和城市地区的样本中全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度也往往高于在偏远、人为影响较小地区测得的浓度(分别为~2至15 ng/L和3 ng/L)。在有限的快照采样事件中，PFAS似乎在一定程度上积累在终端湖泊中；湖内浓度是其流入浓度的两到五倍。氟调聚磺酸盐存在于一个已知的AFFF施加区的下游，可能已对其应用了含氟调聚体泡沫塑料，其浓度以可预测的方式衰减，这表明它们可能被用作全氟辛烷磺酸从AFFF来源转移的指示器。除了两个样品外，所有样品中的有机氟浓度都大于目标全氟辛烷磺酸的总和(以F为基础)(通过LC-MS/MS鉴定的有机氟的中位数为0.6%)，尽管在重复样品中测得的有机氟有相当大的变异性。
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals that occur ubiquitously in the environment and have been linked to numerous adverse health effects in humans and aquatic organisms. Although numerous environmental monitoring studies have been conducted, only one has evaluated PFAS in surface waters of the northwestern Great Basin, which features unique topography that results in dozens of endorheic basins and terminal lakes with no natural outlet, where PFAS may accumulate. To close this knowledge gap, we evaluated the occurrence of PFAS in grab samples from 15 lakes (headwater and terminal lakes) and 10 rivers in the Great Basin located in Nevada and California of the United States. PFAS and organofluorine were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) and combustion ion chromatography, respectively. The highest concentrations of PFAS occurred in samples taken near sites with known or suspected prior aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) application (~20 to 4754 ng/L). Samples near wastewater treatment plants and in urban areas also tended to have PFAS concentrations greater than those measured in remote, less anthropogenically influenced areas (~2 to 15 ng/L, <3 ng/L respectively). In limited snapshot sampling events PFAS appeared to accumulate in terminal lakes to some extent; in-lake concentrations were two to five times greater than those of their inflows. Fluorotelomer sulfonates were present downstream of a known AFFF application area likely to have had fluorotelomer-based foams applied to it, and the concentrations decayed in a predictable manner, suggesting they may be used as an indicator of PFAS transport away from an AFFF source. In all but two samples, organofluorine concentrations were greater than the sum of targeted PFAS (on a F basis) (median of 0.6 % of organofluorine identified via LC-MS/MS), although there was considerable variability in organofluorine measured in replicate samples.