INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE-ABILITIES AND BRAIN ORGANIZATION .1. SEX AND HANDEDNESS DIFFERENCES IN ABILITY
INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE-ABILITIES AND BRAIN ORGANIZATION .1. SEX AND HANDEDNESS DIFFERENCES IN ABILITY
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DOI：
10.1037/h0080690
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
BERENBAUM, SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HARSHMAN, RA;HAMPSON, E;BERENBAUM, SA
3个大样本正常受试者的认知能力数据通过推理能力相互作用揭示了惯用手性在性别上的共性：在推理能力中位数以上的受试者中，左撇子男性相对于右撇子空间得分降低，而左撇子女性相对于右撇子空间得分升高；在推理能力低于中位数的受试者中发现了相反的模式。惯用手对推理能力水平的依赖性似乎可以解释一些已发表文献中不一致的发现。语言流畅性、感知速度和视觉记忆也表现出性别和惯用手的影响，这通常与推理能力水平或其他认知变量相互作用。性别和利手性在认知能力上的差异部分源于神经学。在不同水平的推理能力（或其他能力）中，利手性影响的变化可能表明，在不同的子样本中，结构特征和认知特征之间存在不同的权衡。正常的大脑组织可能有很多种。
Data on cognitive abilities from 3 large samples of normal subjects reveal a common sex by handedness by reasoning-ability interaction: for subjects with above-median reasoning ability, the spatial scores of left-handed males are reduced but those of left-handed females are raised, relative to their right-handed counterparts; the opposite pattern is found for subjects with below-median reasoning ability. The dependence of handedness effects on reasoning ability level appears to explain some of the inconsistent findings in the published literature. Verbal fluency, perceptual speed and visual memory also show sex and handedness effects, which often interact with level of reasoning ability or other cognitive variables. Sex and handedness differences in cognitive ability are partly neurological in origin. Variations in the effects of handedness across different levels of reasoning ability (or other abilities) may indicate that different trade-offs among structural, and thus cognitive, characteristics will be found in different subsamples. There may be many kinds of normal brain organization.