International norm dynamics and political change
International norm dynamics and political change
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DOI：
10.1162/002081898550789
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Sikkink, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finnemore, M;Sikkink, K
规范在国际政治研究中从未缺席过，但在20世纪80年代和90年代的大范围“概念转向”使它们重新成为该领域的一个中心理论问题。关于规范的很多理论都集中在它们如何在国际政治中创造社会结构、适当性标准和稳定性。相比之下，最近关于规范的实证研究考察了它们在创造政治变革中的作用，但变革过程的理论化程度较低。我们从这项研究中归纳出关于规范在政治变革中的作用的各种理论论点和可检验的假设。我们认为，规范的发展经历了涌现、规范级联和内化三个阶段，每个阶段都受到不同的动机、机制和行为逻辑的支配。我们还强调了许多社会建设过程的理性和战略性，认为只有关注规范和理性之间的联系，而不是将两者对立起来，才能取得理论上的进步。
Norms have never been absent from the study of international politics, but the sweeping "ideational turn'' in the 1980s and 1990s brought them back as a central theoretical concern in the field. Much theorizing about norms has focused on how they create social structure, standards of appropriateness, and stability in international politics. Recent empirical research on norms, in contrast, has examined their role in creating political change, but change processes have been less well-theorized. We induce from this research a variety of theoretical arguments and testable hypotheses about the role of norms in political change. We argue that norms evolve in a three-stage "life cycle'' of emergence, "norm cascades,'' and internalization, and that each stage is governed by different motives, mechanisms, and behavioral logics. We also highlight the rational and strategic nature of many social construction processes and argue that theoretical progress will only be made by placing attention on the connections between norms and rationality rather than by opposing the two.