Neurohumoral, hormonal, and drug receptors for the lower esophageal sphincter
Neurohumoral, hormonal, and drug receptors for the lower esophageal sphincter
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食管下括约肌的神经体液、激素和药物受体
DOI：
10.1016/0016-5085(78)90304-9
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
S. Rattan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Goyal;S. Rattan
食道下括约肌（LES）是食道与胃交界处的一种特殊结构。”LES在静止时保持关闭，并负责将食管中的负胸内压与胃中的上述大气压分开的压力屏障，并且其响应于吞咽而打开，以允许摄入的丸剂通过进入胃。l，* 静息时括约肌闭合受损被认为是引起反流性食管炎的重要因素，而括约肌松弛的程度、持续时间和时间的异常是贲门失弛缓症患者吞咽困难的重要原因。近年来，为了了解括约肌功能不全和贲门失弛缓症的病理生理学，并寻找合适的治疗药物，对LES的生理学和药理学产生了相当大的兴趣。4，5* 10-14因为所有的神经递质、激素或外源性药物都是通过与特定受体结合来产生作用的，15-17考虑这些受体在LES的药理学和生理学研究中非常有用。当药物的作用通过有限数量的受体来感知时，就更容易理解不断增加的、可能是无限的药物的作用。关于这些受体的存在和精确位置的信息有助于确定新药的作用方式。此外，使用选择性激动剂或拮抗剂的受体的表征增强了我们对参与LES功能调节的神经元和神经递质的性质的理解。
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a specialized structure present at the junction of the esophagus with the stomach.‘” The LES keeps closed at rest and is responsible for a pressure barrier which separates the negative intrathoracic pressure in the esophagus from the above atmospheric pressure in the stomach, and it opens in response to swallowing to allow the passage of an ingested bolus into the stomach. l,* Impairment of closure of the sphincter at rest is thought to be an important factor in causing reflux esophagitis, and abnormalities in the degree, duration, and timing of sphincter relaxation is an important cause of dysphagia in patients with achalasia. ss In recent years there has been considerable interest in the physiology and pharmacology of the LES in order to understand the pathophysiology of sphincter incompetence and achalasia, and to search for appropriate therapeutic agents for their treatment. 4, 5* 10-14 Because all neurotransmitters, hormones, or exogenous drugs produce their effects by binding with specific receptors, 15-17 consideration of these receptors has been very useful in the study of both the pharmacology and physiology of the LES. Effects of an ever-increasing, potentially infinite, number of drugs are more easily understood when their actions are perceived in terms of a finite number of receptors. Information on the existence and precise location of these receptors is helpful in defining the mode of action of new drugs. Furthermore, characterization of the receptors using selective agonists or antagonists has enhanced our understanding of the nature of the neurons and neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of LES function.