Role of phytoalexins in the suppression of resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by glyphosate.
Role of phytoalexins in the suppression of resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum by glyphosate.
复制标题
植物抗毒素在抑制草甘膦对菜豆对炭疽菌的抗性中的作用。
DOI：
10.1080/07060669009500992
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Rahe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Johal;J. Rahe
材料和方法接种，处理，和观察相互作用表型。菜豆幼苗，品种。如前所述（14），在24 ℃的黑暗中在生长室中生长。S和7个小种。分别用对Topcrop有毒力和无毒力的lindemuthianum对植物进行接种。真菌在50%豆汁琼脂（BJ A）上生长，并且从9至10天龄的培养物制备接种物（14）。除非另有说明，否则对于相容性和不相容性接种，接种物分别调整为5* 105孢子mL-1和2* 106孢子mL-1。在9-10天龄时接种黄化的幼苗。在涉及相容性相互作用的研究中，在接种前，从子叶节下方3-4 cm处开始，在单个垂直线上以2 cm的间隔用印度墨水点在下胚轴上。将接种物液滴（3 μ L）放置在这些标记中的每一个的稍上方，并且将植物在生长室中在黑暗中在22 ℃在高湿度条件下孵育。在接种后24小时（除非另有说明），通过将含有10 μ g草甘膦（草甘膦除草剂Roundup，Monsanto，用蒸馏水稀释）的1 μ L液滴置于下胚轴中心附近进行草甘膦处理（14）。在一些实验中，使用浓度为10、5、2.5、1.0、0.5、0.2和0.1 fxg juL-1的草甘膦。对照植物用水类似地处理。在接种后40小时，将植物暴露于光，进行初始24小时连续光处理，然后是10：14小时的夜：昼光周期（参见14）。在测试补充苯丙氨酸是否可以减轻草甘膦对相容性相互作用的影响的实验中，将草甘膦处理的植物和对照植物沿着下胚轴的长度在每株植物沿着的四个位点处滴接种。在接种后72小时，用苯丙氨酸处理一些对照和草甘膦处理的植物的两个最高感染部位。这是通过在每个感染部位上放置5 μ L滴苯丙氨酸水溶液（50 μ g ML-1）的蒸馏水溶液来完成的（27）。接种后84 h重复处理。对照部位用蒸馏水进行类似处理，通过将接种物以细雾形式均匀喷洒到下胚轴的整个表面上来建立不相容的相互作用。甘草酸处理（在接种后24小时每株植物10 μ g）和接种幼苗的孵育如先前关于相容性相互作用所述。在用草甘膦或水处理之前立即从一些植物（草甘膦处理的和未处理的）切除子叶。这些植物（子叶去除）和其他（子叶完整），草甘膦处理和对照，在接种后40小时暴露于光。每种互作类型的样品植株每隔一段时间从接种室中取出
Materials and methods Inoculations, treatments, and observations of interaction phenotype. Bean seedlings, cv. Topcrop, were grown in the dark at 24 C in a growth chamber as previously described (14). The/S and 7 races of C. lindemuthianum, respectively virulent and avirulent on Topcrop, were used to inoculate the plants. The fungus was grown on 50% bean juice agar (BJ A), and inoculum was prepared from 9-to 10-day-old cultures (14). Inoculum was adjusted to 5* 105 spores mL-'and 2* 106 spores mL" 1 for compatible and incompatible inoculations, respectively, except where otherwise stated. Etiolated seedlings were inoculated when 9-10 days old. In studies involving compatible interactions, hypocotyls were dotted with India ink at 2 cm intervals in a single vertical line, starting 3-4 cm below the cotyledonary node before inoculation. Drops of inoculum (3^ L) were placed slightly above each of these marks, and the plants were incubated in a growth chamber in the dark at 22 C under conditions of high humidity. Glyphosate treatment was done at 24 h after inoculation (except where otherwise stated), by placing a 1^ L drop containing 10/ug of glyphosate (Ū Roundup, Monsanto, diluted with distilled water) near the centre of the hypocotyl (14). In some experiments, glyphosate at concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 fxg juL-1 was used. Control plants were treated similarly with water. Plants were exposed to light at 40 h after inoculation for an initial 24 h continuous light treatment, followed by a 10: 14 h night: day photoperiod (see 14). In an experiment to test whether supplementary phenylalanine could alleviate the effects of glyphosate on compatible interactions, glyphosate treated and control plants were drop inoculated at four sites per plant along the length of the hypocotyl. At 72 h after inoculation, the two uppermost infection sites of some control and glyphosate treated plants were treated with phenylalanine. This was accomplished by placing a 5/xL drop from an aqueous solution of phenylalanine (50 jug ML" 1) in distilled water on each infection site (27). The treatment was repeated at 84 h after inoculation. Control sites were treated similarly with distilled water.Incompatible interactions were established by spraying inoculum evenly as a fine mist onto the entire surface of hypocotyls. Glyphosate treatment (10^ g per plant at 24 h after inoculation) and incubation of inoculated seedlings was as described earlier for compatible interaction. Cotyledons were excised from some plants (both glyphosate-treated and nontreated) immediately prior to treatment with glyphosate or water. These plants (cotyledons removed) and others (cotyledons intact), both glyphosate-treated and control, were exposed to light at 40 h post-inoculation. Sample plants of each interaction type were removed from the inoculation chamber at intervals