Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam
Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.07.006
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Woolhiser, Michael R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnold, Scott M.;Collins, Michael A.;Woolhiser, Michael R.
聚氨酯(PU)是由二异氰酸酯和多元醇制成的聚合物，用于各种消费品。有人建议，PU泡沫塑料可能含有微量残留的甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)单体，并对健康构成风险。为了解决这一关切，对睡在PU泡沫床垫上的暴露情况和健康风险进行了评估。主要非癌症终点(即刺激、致敏、呼吸道影响)的毒性基准通过将起点除以不确定因素来确定。癌症基准是使用USEPA基准剂量软件得出的。将以往PU泡沫中TDI的迁移和排放数据的结果与保守的暴露系数相结合，计算了TDI的皮肤和吸入上限暴露量以及皮肤暴露对TDI的终生平均日剂量。对于每个非癌症终点，毒性基准除以计算的暴露，以确定安全边际(MOS)，范围从200(呼吸道)到3x10(6)(刺激)。尽管现有数据表明TDI不致癌，但计算出了理论上的超额癌症风险(1x10(-7))。从这项评估中，我们得出结论，睡在PU泡沫床垫上不会对消费者构成与TDI相关的健康风险。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made from diisocyanates and polyols for a variety of consumer products. It has been suggested that PU foam may contain trace amounts of residual toluene diisocyanate (TDI) monomers and present a health risk. To address this concern, the exposure scenario and health risks posed by sleeping on a PU foam mattress were evaluated. Toxicity benchmarks for key non-cancer endpoints (i.e., irritation, sensitization, respiratory tract effects) were determined by dividing points of departure by uncertainty factors. The cancer benchmark was derived using the USEPA Benchmark Dose Software. Results of previous migration and emission data of TDI from PU foam were combined with conservative exposure factors to calculate upper-bound dermal and inhalation exposures to TDI as well as a lifetime average daily dose to TDI from dermal exposure. For each non-cancer endpoint, the toxicity benchmark was divided by the calculated exposure to determine the margin of safety (MOS), which ranged from 200 (respiratory tract) to 3 x 10(6) (irritation). Although available data indicate TDI is not carcinogenic, a theoretical excess cancer risk (1 x 10(-7)) was calculated. We conclude from this assessment that sleeping on a PU foam mattress does not pose TDI-related health risks to consumers. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.