Are Functional and Activity Limitations Becoming More Prevalent among 55 to 69-Year-Olds in the United States?
Are Functional and Activity Limitations Becoming More Prevalent among 55 to 69-Year-Olds in the United States?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0164565
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发表时间：
2016-10-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Martin, Linda G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choi, HwaJung;Schoeni, Robert F.;Martin, Linda G.
本研究考察了1998-2012年间55-69岁人群的功能和活动限制的变化。方法Logistic模型用于估计视觉、听力、身体和认知功能、IADL和ADL方面的限制趋势。其他模型评估了趋势与教育、吸烟和体重指数相关和不同的程度。结果视觉、听力、认知功能和ADL方面限制的流行程度的变化在统计学上没有显著意义。身体机能的限制以每年0.37%的速度下降。IADL限制每年增加1.33%，但增加的大部分发生在2008年至2010/2012年期间，与大衰退期间的经济困难有关。教育程度的提高尤其有利于限制吸烟的趋势，但减少吸烟似乎也有利于某些结果。BMI的增加与身体功能、IADL和ADL限制的趋势有关。讨论对于55-69岁的美国人来说，功能和活动限制在1998-2012年间基本没有变化。我们的结果表明，如果教育程度没有提高，大多数功能和活动限制可能会大幅恶化。预计未来教育程度的变化不会那么积极。继续监测活动限制的趋势很可能包括更多地关注环境因素的解释作用，包括经济情况。
ObjectivesThis study examines changes in functional and activity limitations 1998-2012 for individuals 55-69.MethodsLogistic models are used to estimate trends in limitations in vision, hearing, physical and cognitive functioning, IADLs, and ADLs. Additional models assess the extent to which trends are associated with and differ by education, smoking, and BMI.ResultsChanges in prevalence of limitations in vision, hearing, cognitive functioning, and ADLs are not statistically significant. Limitations in physical functioning declined by 0.37% per year. IADL limitations increased by 1.33% per year, but most of the increase occurred between 2008 and 2010/2012, and are associated with economic hardship during the Great Recession. Increases in education are especially beneficially associated with trends in limitations, but reductions in smoking also appear to be advantageous for some outcomes. Increases in BMI are associated with trends in physical functioning, IADL, and ADL limitation.DiscussionFor Americans 55-69, functional and activity limitations were largely unchanged 1998-2012. Our results suggest that if educational attainment had not increased, most functional and activity limitations potentially could have worsened substantially. Future change in educational attainment is not expected to be so positive. Continued monitoring of trends in activity limitations might well include greater focus on the explanatory roles of environmental factors, including economic circumstances.