AUTOMATIZATION AND TRAINING IN VISUAL-SEARCH
AUTOMATIZATION AND TRAINING IN VISUAL-SEARCH
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DOI：
10.2307/1423030
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发表时间：
1992-06-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
SHIFFRIN, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CZERWINSKI, M;LIGHTFOOT, N;SHIFFRIN, RM
在一些搜索任务中，在不同映射（VM）和一致映射（CM）条件下，对特定目标和干扰物组合的练习量是相等的。结果表明区分记忆和视觉搜索任务的重要性，并暗示了一些在视觉搜索及其学习中起重要作用的因素。实验1研究视觉搜索。VM和CM的性能几乎相等，并且在练习过程中都出现了斜率下降，表明基于特征的高效注意搜索的学习，而自动注意吸引没有重要作用。然而，当先前的CM目标与先前的CM分心物重新配对时，即使这些目标和分心物没有一起训练，也会产生正迁移效应。此外，引入要求苛刻的同步任务产生了CM优于VM的优点。后两个结果显示了自动注意吸引的运作。实验2采用控制特征重叠和相似度的新字符进行视觉搜索。设计和许多发现与实验1相似。此外，在35次训练中发现了巨大的搜索改善，这表明小说人物的感知统一运作。实验3显示，CM在内存搜索方面比VM表现出巨大而持久的优势，即使在两种训练条件下对目标和干扰物的特定组合进行练习时也是如此。提出了自动化和注意力的多因素理论来解释这些发现和文献中的其他发现。
In several search tasks, the amount of practice on particular combinations of targets and distractors was equated in varied-mapping (VM) and consistent-mapping (CM) conditions. The results indicate the importance of distinguishing between memory and visual search tasks, and implicate a number of factors that play important roles in visual search and its learning. Visual search was studied in Experiment 1. VM and CM performance were almost equal, and slope reductions occurred during practice for both, suggesting the learning of efficient attentive search based on features, and no important role for automatic attention attraction. However, positive transfer effects occurred when previous CM targets were re-paired with previous CM distractors, even though these targets and distractors had not been trained together. Also, the introduction of a demanding simultaneous task produced advantages of CM over VM. These latter two results demonstrated the operation of automatic attention attraction. Visual search was further studied in Experiment 2, using novel characters for which feature overlap and similarity were controlled. The design and many of the findings paralleled Experiment 1. In addition, enormous search improvement was seen over 35 sessions of training, suggesting the operation of perceptual unitization for the novel characters. Experiment 3 showed a large, persistent advantage for CM over VM performance in memory search, even when practice on particular combinations of targets and distractors was equated in the two training conditions. A multifactor theory of automatization and attention is put forth to account for these findings and others in the literature.