The impact of visual distraction on episodic retrieval in older adults.
The impact of visual distraction on episodic retrieval in older adults.
复制标题
视觉分心对老年人情景检索的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.048
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gazzaley,Adam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wais,PeterE;Martin,GrantM;Gazzaley,Adam
长期记忆的损伤是认知衰老过程中最显著的变化之一。与年龄相关的来源监测和回忆缺陷的发现揭示了详细信息记忆的选择性下降。这种现象的潜在机制尚不清楚。我们假设，在我们的环境中，与任务无关的视觉刺激对老年人的影响比年轻人更容易干扰详细记忆的检索。我们比较了一项关于视觉细节的回忆测试中，老年参与者闭上眼睛时的记忆表现与他们睁开眼睛并呈现不相关的视觉刺激时的记忆表现。结果表明，不相关的视觉信息的存在降低了基于视觉细节回忆的客观测量的长期记忆表现。将目前的结果与我们先前在年轻人中使用相同实验范式的研究结果进行比较，发现视觉分心在老年人中比年轻人更严重地破坏了相关细节的回忆。这一结果表明，视觉分心压倒了老年人不断下降的认知控制资源，这些资源有助于记忆细节的检索和选择。更一般地说，这些发现阐明了正常衰老中选择性记忆损伤的机制基础。
Impairment in long-term memory is one of the most salient alterations in cognitive aging. Findings of age-related deficits in source monitoring and recollection have revealed a selective decline in memory for detailed information. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood. We hypothesized that the influence of task-irrelevant visual stimuli present in our environment interferes with retrieval of detailed memories more for older than younger adults. We compared memory performance on a recall test for visual details when older adult participants' eyes were closed versus performance when their eyes were open and irrelevant visual stimuli were presented. The results showed that the presence of irrelevant visual information diminished long-term memory performance based on an objective measure of recollection for visual details. Comparison of the current results to findings from our earlier study using the same experimental paradigm with younger adults revealed that visual distraction disrupted recollection of relevant details to a greater degree in older than younger adults. This result suggests that visual distraction overwhelms older adults’ declining cognitive control resources that are instrumental in the retrieval and selection of mnemonic details. More generally, these findings explicate a mechanistic basis for selective impairment of recollection in normal aging.