Pervasive effects of dispersal limitation on within- and among-community species richness in agricultural landscapes
Pervasive effects of dispersal limitation on within- and among-community species richness in agricultural landscapes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00473.x
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Bugter, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendrickx, Frederik;Maelfait, Jean-Pierre;Bugter, Rob
AimTo determine whether the effect of habitat fragmentation and habitat heterogeneity on species richness at different spatial scales depends on the dispersion ability of species associations and if this results in nested species associations.LocationAgricultural landscapes distributed over 7温带欧洲国家covered a range of France to Estonia. MethodsWe sampling 16 local communities in each of 24 agricultural landscapes（16 km（2））不同的数量和异质性的半自然栖息地补丁。步甲作为模式生物的扩散能力可以很容易地评估的形态特征。景观内的半自然斑块的接近性和异质性与平均本地（α），本地（β）和景观（γ）之间的物种丰富度和比较四个公会，不同的扩散能力.ResultsFor的物种组合低的扩散能力，本地多样性增加，接近半自然栖息地的增加，而移动的物种表现出相反的趋势。β多样性下降相等的所有传播类的接近，这表明增加补丁隔离的一个historical效果。与此相反，栖息地多样性的半自然补丁影响β多样性积极只有移动的物种，可能是由于专业物种的低扩散能力。持续在高度碎片化的景观低流动性的物种是一贯存在的碎片化程度较低，导致嵌套的组合，这种流动性class only. Main conclusions的成立的扩散能力表明，只有当地的物种组合，低扩散能力表现出减少的丰富度作为碎片化的结果。这种本地物种的损失至少部分地补偿增加的物种具有较高的传播能力，这掩盖了碎片化的影响时，跨传播组进行调查。相反，破碎化均匀的景观动物群的所有分散组，这表明入侵的非作物栖息地的类似良好的分散在整个景观。鉴于低扩散的物种灭绝是不可能的，这些物种在现代农业景观中的枯竭似乎是暂时普遍的。
AimTo determine whether the effect of habitat fragmentation and habitat heterogeneity on species richness at different spatial scales depends on the dispersal ability of the species assemblages and if this results in nested species assemblages.LocationAgricultural landscapes distributed over seven temperate Europe countries covering a range from France to Estonia.MethodsWe sampled 16 local communities in each of 24 agricultural landscapes (16 km(2)) that differ in the amount and heterogeneity of semi-natural habitat patches. Carabid beetles were used as model organisms as dispersal ability can easily be assessed on morphological traits. The proximity and heterogeneity of semi-natural patches within the landscape were related to average local (alpha), between local (beta) and landscape (gamma) species richness and compared among four guilds that differ in dispersal ability.ResultsFor species assemblages with low dispersal ability, local diversity increased as the proximity of semi-natural habitat increased, while mobile species showed an opposite trend. Beta diversity decreased equally for all dispersal classes in relation to proximity, suggesting a homogenizing effect of increased patch isolation. In contrast, habitat diversity of the semi-natural patches affected beta diversity positively only for less mobile species, probably due to the low dispersal ability of specialist species. Species with low mobility that persisted in highly fragmented landscapes were consistently present in less fragmented ones, resulting in nested assemblages for this mobility class only.Main conclusionsThe incorporation of dispersal ability reveals that only local species assemblages with low dispersal ability show a decrease of richness as a result of fragmentation. This local species loss is compensated at least in part by an increase in species with high dispersal ability, which obscures the effect of fragmentation when investigated across dispersal groups. Conversely, fragmentation homogenizes the landscape fauna for all dispersal groups, which indicates the invasion of non-crop habitats by similar good dispersers across the whole landscape. Given that recolonization of low dispersers is unlikely, depletion of these species in modern agricultural landscapes appears temporally pervasive.