Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria
Assessing the Spatial Concentration of Urban Crime: An Insight from Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1007/s10940-019-09448-3
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发表时间：
2020-01-06
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cheshire, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Umar, Faisal;Johnson, Shane D.;Cheshire, James A.
客观研究表明，犯罪活动集中。这一发现是如此一致，以至于大卫·韦斯伯德将其称为“犯罪地点集中法则”。然而，大多数关于犯罪集中度的研究都是在美国或欧洲城市进行的，并使用了二手数据源。在本研究中，我们使用原始数据研究了犯罪集中法则是否适用于撒哈拉以南非洲地区。方法 通过犯罪受害调查来收集卡杜纳市（尼日利亚）的数据。利用这些数据，对家庭、街道和社区层面的犯罪集中度（入室盗窃和家庭盗窃）进行了检查。具体来说，洛伦兹曲线和基尼指数（GI）的变体被用来检查犯罪是否集中在这些不同的空间尺度上，以及这种集中是否反映了这些类型犯罪机会的空间分布之外的任何东西。结果发现犯罪集中在所有空间尺度，考虑到预期，考虑到机会的分布，犯罪最集中在家庭层面，紧随其后的是街道部分。它相对较少集中在社区层面。结论 当前的研究在很多方面扩展了之前的研究。它表明，犯罪集中在地方的规律适用于与大多数以前的工作截然不同的背景。与之前的研究不同，我们使用专门收集的原始数据来检验法律，避免了与犯罪的黑暗人物相关的问题。此外，在考虑了犯罪机会后，这一发现仍然存在。
Objective Research demonstrates that crime is concentrated. This finding is so consistent that David Weisburd refers to this as the "law of crime concentration at place". However, most research on crime concentration has been conducted in the US or European cities and has used secondary data sources. In this study, we examine whether the law of crime concentration applies in the context of sub-Saharan Africa using primary data. Methods A crime victimization survey was used to collect data in the city of Kaduna (Nigeria). Using these data, the concentration of crime (breaking-and-entering and domestic theft) was examined at the household, street segment, and neighborhood levels. Specifically, variants of a Lorenz curve and the Gini index (GI) were used to examine whether crime concentrates at these different spatial scales and if such concentration reflects anything beyond the spatial distribution of opportunity for these types of offenses. Results Crime was found to concentrate at all spatial scales, and having accounted for expectation, given the distribution of opportunity, crime was most concentrated at the household level, closely followed by street segments. It was relatively less concentrated at the neighborhood level. Conclusion The current study extends previous research in a number of ways. It shows that the law of crime concentration at place applies in a very different context to most previous work. Unlike previous studies, we use primary data collected specifically to test the law, avoiding problems associated with the dark figure of crime. Moreover, the findings persist after accounting for crime opportunity.