Negative affect, stress, and smoking in college students: Unique associations independent of alcohol and marijuana use
Negative affect, stress, and smoking in college students: Unique associations independent of alcohol and marijuana use
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.05.007
复制
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Nichter, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magid, Viktoriya;Colder, Craig R.;Nichter, Mark
前言：压力和负性情感(NA)在吸烟开始、维持和复发的理论模型中占有重要地位，但很少有研究调查大学生之间的这些联系。更复杂的是，吸烟往往与大学生中使用其他物质(如酒精、大麻)有关。因此。目前尚不清楚压力和NA是否与大学生吸烟有关，如果是的话，在控制其他物质使用的影响后，这些联系是否明显。本研究的目的是：a)检验压力(客观事件、主观体验)和NA(悲伤情绪、一般情绪困扰)的几个方面是否与大学生吸烟有关；b)在考虑了酒精和大麻的使用后，是否仍然存在联系。样本：通过互联网评估对大样本大学新生(N=633)进行了超过35周的纵向跟踪。结果：分层线性模型的结果表明，主观压力和NA的测量结果与吸烟呈正相关，而客观应激事件的测量与香烟的使用呈负相关。当在模型中加入酒精和大麻的使用时，吸烟和压力/NA之间的联系就会减弱。NA与吸烟之间的关联仍然显著；然而，主观压力/应激事件与吸烟之间的关联不再显著。结论：这是首次在考虑其他物质使用的影响的情况下，全面考察大学生的主观和客观压力测量与吸烟行为之间的联系。负性情绪与大学生吸烟的相关性最强。除了酗酒和吸食大麻之外，主观和客观的压力似乎与大学吸烟没有很强的联系。压力可能不是大学生吸烟水平相对较低的重要病因。考虑到当同时使用酒精和大麻时，NA/压力和吸烟之间的关系被减弱，未来对大学生的研究必须考虑其他物质的使用。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Introduction: Stress and negative affect (NA) figure prominently in theoretical models of smoking initiation, maintenance and relapse, yet few studies have examined these associations among college students. Further complicating examination of these associations, smoking often occurs in the context of other substance use (e.g., alcohol, marijuana) in college populations. Thus. it remains unclear whether stress and NA are associated with cigarette use among college students, and if so, whether these associations are evident after controlling for effects of other substance use. The goals of this study were: a) to examine whether several aspects of stress (objective events, subjective experiences) and NA (sad mood, general emotional distress) were associated with cigarette smoking among college students and b) whether associations remained after accounting for alcohol and marijuana use.Sample: A large sample of college freshmen (N=633) followed longitudinally over 35 weeks via internet assessments.Results: Results of hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that measures of subjective stress and NA were positively related to cigarette use, whereas measures of objective stressful events were negatively related to cigarette use. When alcohol and marijuana use were added to the models, associations between smoking and stress/NA were diminished. Associations between NA and smoking remained significant; however, associations between subjective stress/stressful events and smoking were no longer significant.Conclusions: This is the first study to comprehensively examine links between subjective and objective measures of stress and smoking behavior among college students while also considering the influence of other substance use. Negative affect was the most robust correlate of smoking among college students. Subjective and objective stress do not appear to be strongly associated with college smoking above and beyond alcohol and marijuana use. Stress may not be an important etiological factor for relatively low levels of cigarette use among college students. Given that relations between NA/stress and cigarette smoking were diminished when concurrent alcohol and marijuana use was considered, it is imperative for future studies of college students to consider other substance use. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.