Holocene Push-Moraines in Alpine Permafrost
Holocene Push-Moraines in Alpine Permafrost
复制标题
高山永久冻土中的全新世推冰碛
DOI：
10.1080/04353676.1979.11879980
复制
发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
W. Haeberli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Haeberli
在一个被冻结在河床上的前进冰川前，常年冻结的沉积物断裂和冲断引起的构造扰动。在艾德格斯东部，形成了推冰碛（Stauchmoränen）（Embleton and King 1968，Kälin 1971）。许多作者描述了在平坦低地的末次冰期形成的这种形式（Bersier 1954，Bubnoff 1956，Carle 1938，霍普金斯1923，Kupsch 1962，Lamerson和Dellwig 1957，Rutten 1960，Schindler等1978，Schott 1933，Schulz 1965，1966，Woldstedt 1961等）。Kälin（1971年）对阿克塞尔海伯格岛汤普森冰川前的活动推碛的研究清楚地证实了大多数作者的观点：冻结过程-永冻层的形成-将沉积物转变成强度降低的粘性物质，从而使其能够以观察到的方式对冰川叠加的应力场作出反应。即使关键的问题仍然悬而未决，所涉及的主要过程是在发育良好的表面上滑动还是富含冰的冻结沉积物的蠕变（Kälin 1971，Schindler等1978），毫无疑问，推流冰碛是永久冻土变形的形态表现。在高山地区，岩石冰川是冻土变形的常见形态表现（Barsch 1969，Brown 1973，菲施et al. 1978，Haeberli and Patzelt in preparation，Wahrbertig and考克斯1959），而推碛至今尚未描述。1 t在下面的建议，推冰碛可能并不罕见的高山永久冻土和推冰碛和岩石冰川之间的过渡可能存在。
Tectonic disturbance by fautting and thrusting of perennially frozen sediments in front of an advancing glacier which is frozen to its bed at! east at the ed ges leads to the formation of pushmoraines (Stauchmoränen)(Embleton and King 1968, Kälin 1971). Many authors have described such forms from the last glaciations in flat lowlands (Bersier 1954, Bubnoff 1956, Carle 1938, Hopkins 1923, Kupsch 1962, Lamerson and Dellwig 1957, Rutten 1960, Schindler et al. 1978, Schott 1933, Schulz 1965, 1966, Woldstedt 1961 and others). The study of an active pushmoraine in front of the Thompson Glacier on Axel Heiberg Island by Kälin (1971) clearly confirmed, what most of these authors suggested: the freezing process-the formation of permafrost-transforms the sediment into cohesive material with reduced strength and, thus, enables it to react in the observed manner to the stress field which is superimposed by the glacier. Even if the crucial question remains open, w hether the main process in volved is slid i ng on a well-developed surface or creep of frozen sediments rich in ice (Kälin 1971, Schindler et al. 1978), there is no doubt that push-moraines are morphological expressions of the deformation of permafrost. In high-mountain regions the rock glacier is the common morphological expression of the deformation of permafrost (Barsch 1969, Brown 1973, Fisch et al. 1978, Haeberli and Patzelt in preparation, Wahrhaftig and Cox 1959) and push-moraines were not described up to now. 1t is suggested in the following that pushmoraines may not be uncommon in highmountain permafrost and that transitions between push-moraines and rock glaciers may exist.