Weed control strategies and yield response in a pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) mulched with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) residues
Weed control strategies and yield response in a pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.) mulched with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) residues
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cropro.2011.09.016
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Mancinelli, Robeto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Campiglia, Enio;Radicetti, Emanuele;Mancinelli, Robeto
有机地膜可以成为蔬菜生产系统中综合杂草管理的广泛战略的一部分。在意大利中部进行了一项为期2年的田间试验，目的是评估冬季覆盖作物覆盖禾草和豆科植物，结合除草剂或机械锄地对杂草控制、杂草群落（每种物种的密度和地上生物量）和辣椒作物产量的影响。在初秋播种毛豌豆（Vicia villosa Roth）、燕麦（Avena sativa L）及其混合物，5月进行抑制。将覆盖作物地上生物量切成条状，作为苗床，成对行移栽辣椒幼苗。在覆盖作物生长季节，对辣椒进行两种不同水平氮肥（0 ~ 100 kg ha）的常规处理。移植后30天，在成对的辣椒行之间施用三种杂草控制处理：无杂草处理、草甘膦处理或机械锄地。覆盖作物抑制条件下干物质产量变化范围为燕麦的5.3 ~ 7.1 t ha(-1)，氮积累范围为燕麦的56 ~ 179 kg ha（-1）。在辣椒成对行内，覆盖处理降低了整个辣椒种植季的杂草密度和生物量。收获时，辣椒对行内杂草密度为1.7 ~ 4.6株m(-2)，地上生物量为28 ~ 133 gm（-2）。燕麦地膜抑制杂草的能力最强，但物种丰富度最低。香农指数和香农均匀度。在辣椒对行间，化学杂草处理的物种丰富度最高，杂草群落多样性也高于机械杂草控制。化学处理和机械处理分别以马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea L）和木犀蓼（Polygonum aviculare L.）密度最高。杂草不会阻碍毛缕豌豆和毛缕豌豆/燕麦混合物的辣椒生产，其产量与施用100 kg ha(-1) n的传统无杂草系统相似。因此，使用毛缕豌豆地膜与减少机械或化学杂草控制相结合可能是一种可行的策略，以控制杂草并在辣椒作物中获得高产。(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Organic mulches could be a part of a wide strategy of integrated weed management in vegetable production systems. A 2-year field experiment was carried out in Central Italy with the aim of assessing the effect of grass and legume mulches, coming from winter cover crops, combined with herbicide or mechanical hoeing on weed control, on weed community (density and aboveground biomass of each species), and yield of a pepper crop. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), oat (Avena sativa L) and their mixture were sown in early autumn and suppressed in May. The cover crop aboveground biomass was cut and arranged in strips which were used as beds for pepper seedlings transplanted in paired rows. A conventional treatment kept bare during the cover crop growing season with two different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on pepper (0-100 kg ha(-1) of N) was also included. Three weed control treatments were applied between the paired pepper rows 30 days after transplanting: a weed free treatment, glyphosate or mechanical hoeing. Dry matter production at cover crop suppression ranged from 5.3 t ha(-1) in oat to 7.1 t ha(-1) in hairy vetch/oat mixture and the N accumulation ranged from 56 kg ha(-1) in oat to 179 kg ha(-1) in hairy vetch. Within the pepper paired rows, mulch treatments reduced weed density and biomass throughout the pepper cropping season. At harvest, weed density and aboveground biomass within the pepper paired rows ranged from 1.7 to 4.6 plants m(-2) and 28 and 133 gm(-2) of DM, respectively. Oat mulch had the highest weed suppression ability and the lowest species richness. Shannon's index and Shannon evenness. Between the pepper paired rows the mulch treatments had the highest species richness and the most diverse weed community in chemical compared to mechanical weed control. The densities of Portulaca oleracea L and Polygonum aviculare L. were the highest under chemical and mechanical control, respectively. The weeds did not hinder pepper production in hairy vetch and hairy vetch/oat mixture where the yield was similar to that obtained in a conventional weedfree system fertilized with 100 kg ha(-1) of N. Therefore the use of hairy vetch mulches in combination with reduced mechanical or chemical weed control could be a feasible strategy in order to control weeds and to produce high yields in a pepper crop. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.