X-RAY-INDUCED MUTATIONS IN MICE
X-RAY-INDUCED MUTATIONS IN MICE
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1951.016.01.024
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发表时间：
1951-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
RUSSELL, WL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RUSSELL, WL
为了获得有助于估计电离辐射对人类的遗传危害的信息，将野生型雄性小鼠暴露于单剂量的X射线，并将其与7个常染色体隐性可见基因纯合子的种群交配。对照组（未暴露）动物也与供试储备动物交配。仔细观察后代在7个特定基因座的突变，并粗略观察任何基因座的显性可见突变。具有明显可见效应的显性突变被证明是罕见的。到目前为止，在照射组中发现了六个，而在对照组中没有发现。然而，在一个特定的基因座的突变中，发现约1.5的大小的显性效应。约在照射组中观察到61个特定位点的突变，而在对照组中仅发现2个。照射组7个位点均发生突变，而对照组仅2个位点发生突变。照射组7个位点的突变频率从A位点的0到S位点的28或更多不等。现在已经测试了辐照组中的9个突变中的每一个在纯合时的表型效应。发现两个是致命的，2个亚致命的和5个可行的。在照射组中发现了三个中间等位基因突变。在照射组中，D基因座或紧密连锁的SE基因座共有8个突变，没有一个在相关基因座显示出变化。对于辐照精原细胞，在7个位点上观察到的平均突变率为（25.0 [±] 3.7）× 10-8/伦琴/位点。该速率并不明显依赖于照射和受精之间的间隔的长度。与果蝇的类似数据比较显示，小鼠的诱导突变率较高。这表明，基于果蝇突变率对人类危害的估计可能过低。
In an attempt to obtain information that would be useful in the estimation of the genetic hazards of ionizing radiation in man, wild-type male mice were exposed to a single dose of X-rays and mated to a stock homozygous for seven autosomal recessive visible genes. Control, unexposed, animals, were also mated to the test stock. The offspring were observed carefully for mutations at the 7 specific loci and cursorily for dominant visible mutations at any locus. Dominant mutations with obvious visible effects proved to be rare. Six have so far been found in the irradiated group and none in the controls. However, a dominant effect on size was found in about 1.5 of the mutations at one of the specific loci. Approx. 61 mutations at the specific loci have been observed in the irradiated group, while only 2 were found in the control group. The frequencies of mutation at the 7 loci have been observed in the irradiated group, while only 2 were found in the control group. The frequencies of mutation at the 7 loci in the irradiated group ranged from none at the A locus to 28 or more at the S locus. Each of 9 mutations in the irradiated group has now been tested for its phenotypic effect when homozygous. Two were found to be lethal, 2 sublethal and 5 viable. Three mutations to intermediate alleles were found in the irradiated group. Of a total of 8 mutations at either the D locus or the closely linked SE locus in the irradiated group, none showed a change at the associated locus. The mean observed mutation rate, for irradiated spermatogonia, at the 7 loci is (25.0 [plus or minus] 3.7) x 10-8 per roentgen, per locus. The rate is not appreciably dependent on the length of the interval between irradiation and fertilization. Comparison with similar data from Drosophila shows a higher induced mutation rate in the mouse. This indicates that estimates of human hazards based on Drosophila mutation rates may be too low.