Arsenic in drinking water and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease in Michigan: a standardized mortality ratio analysis.
Arsenic in drinking water and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease in Michigan: a standardized mortality ratio analysis.
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DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-6-4
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发表时间：
2007-02-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nriagu JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Meliker JR;Wahl RL;Cameron LL;Nriagu JO
饮用水中砷浓度超过300 μg/L与循环和呼吸系统疾病、几种癌症和糖尿病有关；然而，人们对接触低至中等水平的砷（10-100 μg/L）的健康后果知之甚少。标准化死亡率（SMR）分析在密歇根州东南部连续六个县研究区进行，以调查中等砷水平与23种选定疾病结局之间的关系。疾病结果包括几种类型的癌症、循环系统和呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病、肾脏和肝脏疾病。从1983年到2002年，密歇根环境质量部对9251个井水样本进行了测试，收集了砷的数据。收集了1979年至1997年的密歇根居民死亡档案数据，并进行了针对性别的SMR分析，并对年龄和种族进行了间接调整；报告了99%的置信区间（CI）。6个县区人口加权平均砷浓度为11.00 μg/L，人口加权中位数为7.58 μg/L。SMR分析对整个6个县研究区进行，仅对Genesee县（人口最多和城市最多的县）进行，对Genesee以外的5个县进行。跨分析结果的一致性被用来解释研究结果。在所有循环系统疾病（M SMR, 1.11； CI, 1.09-1.13; F SMR, 1.15； CI, 1.13,-1.17）、脑血管疾病（M SMR, 1.19； CI, 1.14-1.25; F SMR, 1.19； CI, 1.15 - 1.23）、糖尿病（M SMR, 1.28； CI, 1.18-1.37; F SMR, 1.27； CI, 1.19 - 1.35）和肾脏疾病（M SMR, 1.28； CI, 1.15 - 1.42; F SMR, 1.38； CI, 1.25-1.52）中，男性(M)和女性(F)的死亡率均升高。尽管需要进一步的流行病学研究来证实这一生态SMR分析所提出的结果，但这是表明在饮用水中接触低至中等水平砷可能与几种主要死亡原因有关的一些初步证据。
Exposure to arsenic concentrations in drinking water in excess of 300 μg/L is associated with diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system, several types of cancer, and diabetes; however, little is known about the health consequences of exposure to low-to-moderate levels of arsenic (10–100 μg/L). A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis was conducted in a contiguous six county study area of southeastern Michigan to investigate the relationship between moderate arsenic levels and twenty-three selected disease outcomes. Disease outcomes included several types of cancer, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system, diabetes mellitus, and kidney and liver diseases. Arsenic data were compiled from 9251 well water samples tested by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality from 1983 through 2002. Michigan Resident Death Files data were amassed for 1979 through 1997 and sex-specific SMR analyses were conducted with indirect adjustment for age and race; 99% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. The six county study area had a population-weighted mean arsenic concentration of 11.00 μg/L and a population-weighted median of 7.58 μg/L. SMR analyses were conducted for the entire six county study area, for only Genesee County (the most populous and urban county), and for the five counties besides Genesee. Concordance of results across analyses is used to interpret the findings. Elevated mortality rates were observed for both males (M) and females (F) for all diseases of the circulatory system (M SMR, 1.11; CI, 1.09–1.13; F SMR, 1.15; CI, 1.13,-1.17), cerebrovascular diseases (M SMR, 1.19; CI, 1.14–1.25; F SMR, 1.19; CI, 1.15–1.23), diabetes mellitus (M SMR, 1.28; CI, 1.18–1.37; F SMR, 1.27; CI, 1.19–1.35), and kidney diseases (M SMR, 1.28; CI, 1.15–1.42; F SMR, 1.38; CI, 1.25–1.52). This is some of the first evidence to suggest that exposure to low-to-moderate levels of arsenic in drinking water may be associated with several of the leading causes of mortality, although further epidemiologic studies are required to confirm the results suggested by this ecologic SMR analysis.