Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects in fighting sea anemones.
Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects in fighting sea anemones.
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对抗海葵的直接和间接遗传效应分析。
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arz217
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lane SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lane SM
动物竞赛的理论模型，如鹰鸽博弈预测，在一定条件下，由于混合进化稳定策略（ESS），战斗行为的变化将持续下去。然而，人们对这种变异的遗传基础知之甚少，并且可以以多种方式解释用于战斗的混合ESS。具体来说，我们不知道是否在侵略性的变化引起的群体内的固定策略（由个人的基因型直接遗传效应[DGE]确定），或从跨比赛策略的个体内变异的个体差异。此外，正如最初的鹰-鸽模型的发展所表明的那样，个体内策略的变化可能取决于对手的表型和基因型（间接遗传效应-IGEs）。在这里，我们测试的影响DGE和IGEs在战斗中的珠状海葵Actinia equina。通过利用海葵不寻常的生殖系统，结合新的分子数据，我们研究了加性（DGE + IGE）和非加性（DGE × IGE）遗传效应对战斗参数的作用，后者已被假设，但从未明确测试。 我们发现的证据遗传变异的战斗能力和战斗持续时间增加的相关性。战斗成功的影响是加性的DGE和IGES，但我们没有发现非加性IGES的证据。这些结果表明，格斗行为的变化是由加性间接遗传效应（DGE + IGE）驱动的，并支持了竞赛理论的核心假设，即策略是由DGE固定的。
Theoretical models of animal contests such as the Hawk-Dove game predict that variation in fighting behavior will persist due to mixed evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) under certain conditions. However, the genetic basis for this variation is poorly understood and a mixed ESS for fighting can be interpreted in more than one way. Specifically, we do not know whether variation in aggression within a population arises from among-individual differences in fixed strategy (determined by an individual’s genotype—direct genetic effects [DGEs]), or from within-individual variation in strategy across contests. Furthermore, as suggested by developments of the original Hawk-Dove model, within-individual variation in strategy may be dependent on the phenotype and thus genotype of the opponent (indirect genetic effects—IGEs). Here we test for the effect of DGEs and IGEs during fights in the beadlet sea anemoneActinia equina. By exploiting the unusual reproductive system of sea anemones, combined with new molecular data, we investigate the role of both additive (DGE + IGE) and non-additive (DGE × IGE) genetic effects on fighting parameters, the latter of which have been hypothesized but never tested for explicitly. We find evidence for heritable variation in fighting ability and that fight duration increases with relatedness. Fighting success is influenced additively by DGEs and IGEs but we found no evidence for non-additive IGEs. These results indicate that variation in fighting behavior is driven by additive indirect genetic effects (DGE + IGE), and support a core assumption of contest theory that strategies are fixed by DGEs.