Long-term crop residue application maintains oil palm yield and temporal stability of production
Long-term crop residue application maintains oil palm yield and temporal stability of production
复制标题
长期施用农作物残留物可保持油棕产量和生产的时间稳定性
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Kathrine J. Willis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hsiao;Jake L. Snaddon;E. Slade;E. Slade;J. Caliman;R. H. Widodo;Suhardi;Kathrine J. Willis;Kathrine J. Willis;Kathrine J. Willis
作物残茬管理是一项重要的农业实践，在改善土壤健康和优化作物生产方面具有很大的潜力。与一年生作物相比，人们对作物残茬管理对多年生作物产量和时间稳定性的影响知之甚少。这项研究的重点是油棕（Elaeis guineensis），这是一种重要的热带作物，在过去几十年里迅速扩大。我们的目的是了解施用一种主要油棕残渣，即空果束，对作物产量和生产的时间稳定性的影响。我们比较了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛一个大田试验15年的作物产量表现。空果串施用3种施用量（30、60和90 t / h - 1年- 1年），对照处理为不添加空果串的化学肥料。与对照处理相比，低、中、高空果串施用量处理15年作物累计产量分别提高了2.4、5.9和4.8%。不同处理间作物年产量和生产时间稳定性无显著差异。空果串中施量处理土壤有机碳显著高于化肥处理。土壤有机碳和相对湿度与作物产量呈正相关，滞后时间为2年。这项研究首次表明，与化肥处理相比，施用作物残茬可以保持作物产量和油棕生产的时间变异性。此外，气候条件对油棕产量的时间变异性有很强的影响。这些研究结果将为设计最佳空果束施用方案提供信息，以提高油棕种植的可持续集约化。
Crop residue management is an important agricultural practice that has a high potential to improve soil health and optimize crop production. Compared to annual crops, relatively little is known about crop residue management effects on the yield and temporal stability of perennial crop production. This study focused on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), an important tropical crop that had expanded rapidly over the past decades. We aimed to understand the effects of applying a major oil palm residue, the empty fruit bunch, on crop yield and temporal stability of production. We compared 15 years of crop yield performance from a field trial in Sumatra, Indonesia. The treatments included empty fruit bunch application of three application rates (30, 60, and 90 t ha−1 year−1), and a reference treatment of chemical fertilizers with no addition of empty fruit bunch. Compared to the reference treatment, the cumulative crop yield over 15 years under low, medium, and high application rates of empty fruit bunch increased by 2.4, 5.9, and 4.8%, respectively. The annual crop yield and temporal stability in production were not significantly different between treatments. Soil organic carbon was significantly higher under medium application rate of empty fruit bunch compared to that under the chemical fertilizer treatment. Soil organic carbon and relative humidity were positively associated with annual crop yield with a time lag of 2 years. This study is the first to show that both crop yield and temporal variability of oil palm production can be maintained under crop residue application, compared to chemical fertilizer treatment. Furthermore, climatic conditions had strong effects on the temporal variability of oil palm production. These findings will inform the design of optimal empty fruit bunch application schemes that enhance sustainable intensification of oil palm cultivation.