The Invisible Benefits of Exercise
The Invisible Benefits of Exercise
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DOI：
10.1037/a0021859
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Viel, Sasha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruby, Matthew B.;Dunn, Elizabeth W.;Viel, Sasha
目的：研究人们是否低估了他们对运动的喜爱程度，以及为什么低估了他们的喜爱程度。研究设计：在四项研究中，279名成年人预测了他们会有多喜欢锻炼，或者报告了他们锻炼后的实际感受。主要结果测量：主要结果测量是预测和实际享受评级的锻炼例程，以及锻炼的意图。结果如下：参与者明显低估了他们喜欢锻炼的程度;这种情感预测偏差在团体和个人锻炼中一直存在，以及从瑜伽和普拉提到有氧运动和重量训练等各种形式的适度和具有挑战性的锻炼中也一直存在（研究I和2）。我们认为，这种偏见主要源于对近视的预测，即人们在锻炼开始时不成比例地重视，这通常是不愉快的。我们证明，预测近视可以利用（研究3）或克服（研究4），从而增加预期的运动乐趣。最后，研究4提供了一个中介模型的证据，在该模型中，提高人们对锻炼的预期享受会导致锻炼意愿的增加。结论：人们低估了他们对运动的享受程度，因为他们目光短浅地关注运动开始时的不愉快，但这种倾向是可以利用或克服的，可能会增加锻炼的意愿。
Objective: To examine whether and why people underestimate how much they enjoy exercise. Design: Across four studies, 279 adults predicted how much they would enjoy exercising, or reported their actual feelings after exercising. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were predicted and actual enjoyment ratings of exercise routines, as well as intention to exercise. Results: Participants significantly underestimated how much they would enjoy exercising; this affective forecasting bias emerged consistently for group and individual exercise, and moderate and challenging workouts spanning a wide range of forms, from yoga and Pilates to aerobic exercise and weight training (Studies I and 2). We argue that this bias stems largely from forecasting myopia, whereby people place disproportionate weight on the beginning of a workout, which is typically unpleasant. We demonstrate that forecasting myopia can be harnessed (Study 3) or overcome (Study 4), thereby increasing expected enjoyment of exercise. Finally, Study 4 provides evidence for a mediational model, in which improving people's expected enjoyment of exercise leads to increased intention to exercise. Conclusion: People underestimate how much they enjoy exercise because of a myopic focus on the unpleasant beginning of exercise, but this tendency can be harnessed or overcome, potentially increasing intention to exercise.