There is more than a power law in Zipf.

There is more than a power law in Zipf.
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DOI:
10.1038/srep00812
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Pietronero, Luciano
Pietronero, Luciano
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cristelli, Matthieu;Batty, Michael;Pietronero, Luciano

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最大的城市、最常用的词汇、最富有国家的收入以及最富有的亿万富翁,都可以用齐夫定律来描述,这是一个排名大小规则,描述了一组物体或事件的频率与它们的大小之间的关系。它被认为是像帕累托定律或本福德定律这样的潜在幂律的许多表现之一,但与流行的看法相反,从城市规模的分布和简单的随机抽样中,人们并没有获得最大城市的齐普夫定律。这种病态反映在齐普夫定律具有依赖于事件数量N的函数形式的事实中。这需要样本分布的一个基本属性,我们称之为“相干性”,它对应于集合中各种元素之间的“屏蔽”。我们展示了如何应占时,拟合齐普夫定律。
The largest cities, the most frequently used words, the income of the richest countries, and the most wealthy billionaires, can be all described in terms of Zipf’s Law, a rank-size rule capturing the relation between the frequency of a set of objects or events and their size. It is assumed to be one of many manifestations of an underlying power law like Pareto’s or Benford’s, but contrary to popular belief, from a distribution of, say, city sizes and a simple random sampling, one does not obtain Zipf’s law for the largest cities. This pathology is reflected in the fact that Zipf’s Law has a functional form depending on the number of events N. This requires a fundamental property of the sample distribution which we call ‘coherence’ and it corresponds to a ‘screening’ between various elements of the set. We show how it should be accounted for when fitting Zipf’s Law.
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