Semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly.
Semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnmol.2012.00071
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Yoshida Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshida Y
神经回路的形成需要协调许多复杂的发育过程。首先，神经元将轴突投射到很远的地方，以找到它们的最终目标，然后建立适当的连接，这对神经元回路的形成至关重要。生长锥是轴突的前沿，通过与各种吸引和排斥轴突的引导信号相互作用，沿着它们的轨迹和最终目标区域进行导航。在发育过程中，除了轴突的引导外，神经元极化、神经元迁移和树突的发育也必须得到精确的调控，以建立适当的神经回路。信号蛋白是一个大的蛋白家族，包括分泌蛋白和细胞表面蛋白，它们在神经回路形成的许多步骤中发挥重要作用。信号蛋白的主要受体是神经丛蛋白和神经匹林蛋白，但其他受体和共受体也通过信号蛋白介导信号转导。在信号蛋白与其受体结合后，下游信号分子在细胞内转导这一事件以介导进一步的事件，包括微管和肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学的改变。在这里，我回顾了最近关于脊椎动物神经回路组装中信号素信号的研究，目的是强调这种不同的信号和受体家族如何赋予神经复杂连接的精致特异性。
Neural circuit formation requires the coordination of many complex developmental processes. First, neurons project axons over long distances to find their final targets and then establish appropriate connectivity essential for the formation of neuronal circuitry. Growth cones, the leading edges of axons, navigate by interacting with a variety of attractive and repulsive axon guidance cues along their trajectories and at final target regions. In addition to guidance of axons, neuronal polarization, neuronal migration, and dendrite development must be precisely regulated during development to establish proper neural circuitry. Semaphorins consist of a large protein family, which includes secreted and cell surface proteins, and they play important roles in many steps of neural circuit formation. The major semaphorin receptors are plexins and neuropilins, however other receptors and co-receptors also mediate signaling by semaphorins. Upon semaphorin binding to their receptors, downstream signaling molecules transduce this event within cells to mediate further events, including alteration of microtubule and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, I review recent studies on semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly, with the goal of highlighting how this diverse family of cues and receptors imparts exquisite specificity to neural complex connectivity.
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