Public Perception of Wilderness in Iceland
Public Perception of Wilderness in Iceland
复制标题
公众对冰岛荒野的看法
作者：
Rannveig Ólafsdóttir;Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir
近年来，冰岛对荒野的保护逐渐受到重视。目前正在冰岛中央高地筹备一个新的国家公园，该公园将成为欧洲最大的国家公园。然而，为了保护荒野，需要相互了解它是什么和它在哪里。本文旨在评估冰岛人对荒野的感知和理解。此外，为了评估荒野对冰岛公众的价值，并确定估值背后的原因，向冰岛全国代表性样本发送了一份在线调查，调查得到了谷歌地球地图和不同景观的摄影场景的帮助。调查受访者绘制了他们对冰岛荒野的感知范围，并在他们认为最适合和最不适合他们对荒野的感知的几种景观场景之间进行了选择。结果表明，几乎所有位于海拔300米以上的土地都被视为荒野，反映了该国无人居住的高地地区。研究结果还表明，对于冰岛的公众来说，这主要是一个开放和广阔的景观，无人居住的地区，以及缺乏赋予荒野地位的人为特征。结果表明，除了考古遗迹外，任何人为干扰的迹象都会降低冰岛人对荒野的看法。此外，尽管大多数冰岛人根据纯粹主义量表被归类为城市主义者或中立主义者，但大多数冰岛人仍然认为加油站、酒店、商店、餐馆和各种休闲服务沿着能源生产等服务对荒野的价值产生了负面影响。因此，大多数冰岛人似乎将荒野视为经济，文化和环境方面的宝贵资产，这突出了其独特性。
In recent years, there has been a gradually growing emphasis on the protection of wilderness in Iceland. This is highlighted in the current preparation of a new national park in the Icelandic central highlands, which will become Europe’s largest national parks. However, in order to protect the wilderness, a mutual understanding, both on what it is and where it is, is needed. This paper seeks to evaluate Icelanders’ perception and understanding of wilderness. Furthermore, to assess the value of wilderness for the Icelandic public and determine what lies behind the valuation, an online survey aided by maps from Google Earth and photographic scenarios of different landscapes was sent out to a nationally representative sample of Icelanders. The survey respondents mapped their perceived scope of Icelandic wilderness and furthermore chose between several landscape scenarios they thought most and least suited to their perception of wilderness. The results show that nearly all land located above the 300 m elevation line is perceived as wilderness, reflecting the country’s uninhabited highlands areas. The results also show that for the general public in Iceland it is chiefly an open and vast landscape, uninhabited areas, and the absence of anthropogenic features that bestow an area with the status of wilderness. The results demonstrate that any sign of anthropogenic interference, aside from archaeological remains, decrease Icelanders’ perception of wilderness. Moreover, despite being mostly categorized as urbanists or neutralists according to the purism scale, the majority of Icelanders still consider services, such as petrol stations, hotels, shops, restaurants, and diverse leisure services, along with energy production, to negatively impact the value of wilderness. Most Icelanders thus seem to regard wilderness as a valuable asset from the economic, cultural, and environmental perspectives, which underscores its uniqueness.