Chemo-orientation in Flying Insects
Chemo-orientation in Flying Insects
复制标题
飞行昆虫的化学导向
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4899-3368-3_5
复制
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Cardé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Cardé
在勒布（Loeb，1918）和基恩（Kiihn，1919）努力对定向机制进行分类之后，我们对动物用来定位刺激的动作和感觉输入的感知经历了不断的改进和重构。外推的主要机制'长距离'飞行方向的空气中的化学刺激在风中是optomotorguided，化学诱导，逆风方向（或anemotaxis）已获得广泛接受作为一个相当大的机构的实验证据支持这种机制已经积累，主要是蛾吸引逆风信息素来源。除了optomotor anemotaxis，已经提出了一些替代策略，这些策略已经假定存在的空间或时间分布的化学刺激，如果认识到，可以作为线索，引导响应者对化学源，或者，如果不提供线索，其方向，至少提供信息，其接近。但是，我们目前对连续或间歇风中从点源发出的化学刺激的“瞬时”结构的理解是不完善的（参见Elkinton和Carde，这限制了我们对逆风趋风性范式的替代方案进行智能假设的能力。不同系统发育组中化学物质逆风取向的几乎肯定独立进化（至少在序数水平上）和各种栖息地的环境（特别是风）条件的固有变化，从开阔的草地到茂密的热带森林，可能决定了不同的以及多种解决方案来发现问题的方法。
Our perceptions of the maneuvers and sensory inputs that animals employ to locate a stimulus have undergone continued refinement and reformulation following the efforts of Loeb (1918) and Kiihn (1919) to classify orientation mechanisms. The adduction that the principal mechanism of'long-distance'flying orientation to an airborne chemical stimulus in the wind is an optomotorguided, chemically-induced, upwind orientation (or anemotaxis) has gained wide acceptance as a considerable body of experimental evidence in support of this mechanism has accumulated, principally with moth attraction to upwind pheromone sources. Besides optomotor anemotaxis, a number of alternative tactics have been proposed; these strategies have posited the existence of either spatial or temporal distributions of chemical stimulus that, if recognized, could serve as cues to guide the responder toward the chemical source or, if not to supply cues as to its direction, at least provide information as to its proximity. But our current understanding of the'instantaneous' structure of a chemical stimulus emanating from a point source in continual or intermittent wind is imperfectly developed (see Elkinton and Carde, Chapter 3) and this limits our ability to hypothesize intelligently on alternatives to the upwind anemotaxis paradigm.The almost certainly independent evolution of upwind orientation to chemicals in different phylogenetic groups (at least at the ordinal level) and the inherent variability in environmental (particularly wind) conditions in various habitats, ranging from open grassland to dense tropical forests, may have dictated disparate as well as multiple solutions to the problem of discovering the