Temperature and consumer type dependencies of energy flows in natural communities
Temperature and consumer type dependencies of energy flows in natural communities
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.04419
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Rall, Bjoern C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lang, Birgit;Ehnes, Roswitha B.;Rall, Bjoern C.
随着世界不断变暖，需要从机械角度理解温度如何影响相互作用强度，而相互作用强度是食物网稳定性的基础。由于相互作用强度取决于从资源到消费者的能量流，我们研究了温度对动物能量的影响。我们使用新编译的呼吸速率和同化效率数据集来评估温度如何影响不同消费者类型的能量使用（呼吸速率）和能量增益效率（同化效率）。此外，我们将我们的发现纳入了温度对维持喂养率（即维持生命所需的能量消耗）影响的模拟中。我们的分析显示，不同消费者类型的同化效率普遍与温度呈正相关，因此意味着随着变暖，净能量会增加。呼吸速率的温度缩放在消费者类型之间没有差异。根据这些参数，我们计算了维持饲喂率，并将其与经验测量（实现）的饲喂率进行比较。这一比较表明，食碎物动物和食草动物在变暖条件下有可能增加其生物量，因为它们的维持摄食率的增长幅度低于其实际摄食率的增幅。然而，对于食肉动物来说，我们发现它们的维持摄食率比其实际摄食率有更强劲的增长，这应该会导致变暖情况下种群数量的减少。总体而言，我们的研究结果增加了人们对气候变化对生态系统影响的理解，因为它们表明对自然群落产生了深远的能量影响。
With the world continuously warming, a mechanistic understanding of how temperature affects interaction strengths, which are fundamental to food-web stability, is needed. As interaction strengths are determined by the flows of energy from resources to consumers, we investigated effects of temperature on animal energetics. We used newly compiled datasets on respiration rates and assimilation efficiencies to assess how temperature affects the energy use (respiration rates) and the efficiency of energy gain (assimilation efficiency) for different consumer types. Furthermore, we incorporated our findings in a simulation of temperature effects on maintenance feeding rates (i.e. energy consumption necessary to sustain life). Our analysis revealed a generally positive temperature dependence of assimilation efficiencies across consumer types thus implying a net energy gain with warming. The temperature scaling of respiration rates did not differ between consumer types. Based on these parameters we calculated maintenance feeding rates and compared them to empirically measured (realized) feeding rates. This comparison revealed that detritivores and herbivores have the potential to increase their biomasses under warming as their maintenance feeding rates increase less strongly than their realized feeding rates. For carnivores, however, we found a stronger increase of their maintenance feeding rates compared to their realized feeding rates, which should lead to decreased population sizes under warming. Overall, our results increase the understanding of climate change effects on ecosystems as they suggest profound energetic consequences for natural communities.