A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: The SEE study
A prospective, population-based study of the role of visual impairment in motor vehicle crashes among older drivers: The SEE study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1167/iovs.06-0474
复制
发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
West, Sheila K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubin, Gary S.;Ng, Edmond S. W.;West, Sheila K.
目的。为了确定视觉和视觉注意因素在车祸中的作用。方法：在索尔兹伯里眼睛评估(SEE)研究的基线间隔期间(1993-1995)确定了年龄在65岁到84岁之间的驾驶员。从马里兰州的机动车辆记录中确定了1997年12月之前的撞车事件。基线视力测试包括正常和低亮度下的距离敏感度、对比敏感度、眩光敏感度、立体视力和视野。视觉注意用有用视野测试(UFOV；视觉意识，芝加哥，伊利诺伊州)进行评估。结果：在1801名司机中，有120人(6.7%)在观察期间发生了撞车事故。眩光敏感度和双眼视野丧失是撞车损伤的显著预测因素(P<；0.05)。自相矛盾的是，对于视力中等或更好的人(眩光敏感度为3个字母，双目视野缺失20分)，眩光敏感度增加或视野缩小与撞车风险降低有关，而对于视力较差的人，眩光敏感度增加或视野缩小与撞车风险增加有关。UFOV评分越差，撞车风险越高。结论：眩光敏感度、视野损失和UFOV是撞车风险的显著预测因素。敏锐度，对比敏感度。和立体视觉与撞车无关。这些结果表明，目前主要基于视力的驾驶执照视力筛查可能会遗漏视力损害的重要方面。
PURPOSE. To determine the role of vision and visual attention factors in automobile crash involvement.METHODS. Drivers aged 65 to 84 years were identified during the baseline inter-view (1993-1995) of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) Study. Crash involvement through December 1997 was determined from Maryland State motor vehicle records. Vision tests at baseline included distance acuity at normal and low luminance, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, stereoacuity, and visual fields. Visual attention was evaluated with the Useful Field of View Test (UFOV; Visual Awareness, Chicago, IL). Survival analysis was used to determine the relative risk of a crash as a function of demographic variables, miles driven, vision, and visual attention.RESULTS. One hundred twenty (6.7%) of the 1801 drivers were involved in a crash during the observation interval. Glare sensitivity and binocular field loss were significant predictors of crash involvement (P < 0.05). For those with moderate or better vision (< 3 letters for glare sensitivity and < 20 points missed for binocular visual fields) increased glare sensitivity or reduced visual fields were, paradoxically, associated with a reduction in crash risk, whereas for those with poorer levels of vision, increased glare sensitivity or reduced Visual fields were associated with increased crash risk. Worse UFOV score was associated with increased crash risk.CONCLUSIONS. Glare sensitivity, visual field loss, and UFOV were significant predictors of crash involvement. Acuity, contrast sensitivity. and stereoacuity were not associated with crashes. These results suggest that current vision screening for drivers' licensure, based primarily on visual acuity, may miss important aspects of visual impairment.