Evolution and diversity of the benthic fauna of the Southern Ocean continental shelf
Evolution and diversity of the benthic fauna of the Southern Ocean continental shelf
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954102004002329
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Blake, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, A;Aronson, RB;Blake, DB
南极大陆架的现代底栖动物的特点是缺乏活跃的、能破坏浮游生物的（食硬物的）食肉动物，如螃蟹、龙虾和许多鱼类，而在许多地区，底栖动物的悬浮食饵动物占主导地位。经常有人说，这些生态特征给动物群一个明显的古生代感觉，假设它可能是一个进化的遗迹。我们现在知道事实并非如此，化石证据清楚地表明，许多现在不存在的分类群和生活方式以前存在过。现代动物群是由许多因素塑造的，其中重要的是海洋变化和新生代冰川作用的开始。海水冷却，以及周期性的范围和水深变化的变化驱动的分布范围和变化的大小和范围的大陆冰盖米兰科维奇频率都将导致灭绝和异地物种形成。现代冰川环境对陆地的影响相对较低，远离直接沿海地区，冰山冲刷是影响现代南极底栖生物生态和种群动态的关键因素。
The modern benthic fauna of the Antarctic continental shelf is characterized by the lack of active, skeleton-breaking (durophagous) predators such as crabs, lobsters and many fish, and the dominance in many areas of epifaunal suspension feeders. It has often been remarked that these ecological characteristics give the fauna a distinctly Palaeozoic feel, with the assumption that it may be an evolutionary relic. We now know that this is not so, and fossil evidence shows clearly that many of the taxa and life-styles that are absent now were previously present. The modern fauna has been shaped by a number of factors, important among which have been oceanographic changes and the onset of Cenozoic glaciation. Sea-water cooling, and periodic fragmentation of ranges and bathymetric shifts in distribution driven by variability in the size and extent of the continental ice cap on Milankovitch frequencies will all have caused both extinction and allopatric speciation. The modern glacial setting with relatively low terrestrial impact away from immediate coastal regions, and scouring by icebergs are the key factors influencing the ecology and population dynamics for the modern Antarctic benthos.