Empirical evidence for a boundary-induced nonequilibrium phase transition
Empirical evidence for a boundary-induced nonequilibrium phase transition
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DOI：
10.1088/0305-4470/34/6/103
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发表时间：
2001-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Popkov;L. Santen;A. Schadschneider;G. Schütz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Popkov;L. Santen;A. Schadschneider;G. Schütz
最近发展起来的非平衡系统中边界诱导现象的理论预言了由激波运动引起的各种稳态相变的存在。我们提供了直接的经验证据表明，在高速公路上的交通流在附近的上，下匝道发生的自由流和拥挤的阶段之间的相变可以被解释为这样的边界诱导相变的一阶的一个例子。我们分析了经验的交通数据，并给出了理论解释的过渡的宏观电流。此外，我们支持的理论与计算机模拟的Nagel-Schreckenberg模型的车辆交通的路段，也表现出预期的二阶过渡。我们的研究结果提出了预测和在一定程度上优化一般交通网络的能力的方法。
A recently developed theory for boundary-induced phenomena in nonequilibrium systems predicts the existence of various steady-state phase transitions induced by the motion of a shock wave. We provide direct empirical evidence that a phase transition between a free flow and a congested phase occurring in traffic flow on highways in the vicinity of on- and off-ramps can be interpreted as an example of such a boundary-induced phase transition of first order. We analyse the empirical traffic data and give a theoretical interpretation of the transition in terms of the macroscopic current. Additionally we support the theory with computer simulations of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model of vehicular traffic on a road segment which also exhibits the expected second-order transition. Our results suggest ways to predict and to some extent to optimize the capacity of a general traffic network.