Rock physics of organic shales
Rock physics of organic shales
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DOI：
10.1190/1.3567263
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发表时间：
2011-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
L. Vernik;Jadranka Milovac
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Vernik;Jadranka Milovac
在过去的20年里，一些出版物已经确定，黑色有机页岩通常具有速度各向异性强、层向法向速度低、密度和孔隙度相对较低的特征（例如，Vernik和Nur, 1992； Vernik和Liu， 1997）。这些岩石性质在地震属性研究中非常重要，但在与储层表征和水力压裂相关的地质力学应用中更是如此。有机页岩通常（但不一定）表现出较强的纵向横向各向同性（VTI），其对称轴垂直于层理平行层状，且偏向于粘土颗粒取向。高分辨率扫描电镜成像（图1）立即揭示了所有这些结构特征，以及粉砂颗粒和固体有机质（干酪根）的透镜状分布，而成熟页岩的颗粒内孔隙度又具有显著的特征。任何TI介质都可以用五个独立的弹性常数来描述。
Several publications over the last 20 years have established that black organic shales are generally characterized by strong velocity anisotropy, low velocity in the bedding-normal direction, and relatively low density and porosity (e.g., Vernik and Nur, 1992; Vernik and Liu, 1997). These rock properties are of interest in seismic attribute studies, but even more so in geomechanical applications related to reservoir characterization and hydraulic fracture stimulation. Organic shales typically, but not necessarily, express strong vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), with axis of symmetry perpendicular to the bedding-parallel lamination and clay-particle-preferred orientation. High-resolution SEM imaging (Figure 1) immediately reveals all these textural features in addition to silt grains and the lenticular distribution of the solid organic matter (kerogen), which in turn is characterized by significant intraparticle porosity in mature shales. Any TI medium is described by the five independent elastic consta...