Recent Progress Regarding Permafrost Coasts
Recent Progress Regarding Permafrost Coasts
复制标题
永久冻土海岸的最新进展
DOI：
10.1002/ppp.1777
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
S. Wetterich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Lantuit;P. Overduin;S. Wetterich
永久冻土海岸占世界海岸线的 34%。这些海岸的侵蚀目前平均为 0.5 m a-1，与温带地区观察到的速率相似或更大。 21 世纪头十年，随着最小海冰范围的缩小，阿拉斯加北极海岸的侵蚀率有所上升。日益严重的侵蚀导致沿海村庄的工程和搬迁成本更高（仅 Kivalina 就需要 1.4 亿美元来适应和最终搬迁），并且导致永久冻土中含有的更多有机碳被释放到近岸区域（高达 46.5 Tg a-1）。海岸侵蚀建模已开始包括永久冻土特定的组成部分，例如块体破坏。由于缺乏专门观测网络提供的北极海岸基本信息，特别是石化海岸的基本信息，阻碍了具有预测能力的系统模型的开发。版权所有 © 2013 约翰·威利父子有限公司
Permafrost coasts make up to 34 per cent of the world's coastlines. Erosion of these coasts currently averages 0.5 m a‐1, which is similar to or greater than rates observed in temperate regions. The erosion rate has risen on the Arctic coast of Alaska during the first decade of the 21st century as the minimum sea ice extent has declined. Increasing erosion leads to higher engineering and relocation costs for coastal villages (US$140 million for Kivalina alone to adapt and eventually relocate), and to greater quantities of organic carbon contained in permafrost being released to the near‐shore zone (up to 46.5 Tg a‐1). Modelling of coastal erosion has begun to include permafrost‐specific components such as block failure. The absence of basic information on Arctic coasts that would be provided by a dedicated observing network, especially on lithified coasts, has hindered the development of a system model with predictive capability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.