Sustainable energy development strategies in the rural Thailand: The case of the improved cooking stove and the small biogas digester
Sustainable energy development strategies in the rural Thailand: The case of the improved cooking stove and the small biogas digester
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2005.06.002
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发表时间：
2007-06
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
B. Limmeechokchai;Saichit Chawana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Limmeechokchai;Saichit Chawana
本文介绍了泰国采用改进型烹调炉灶(ICS)和小型沼气池(SBD)技术时克服障碍的策略。首先，为了获得实施ICS和SBD的适当策略，对住宅部门的能源消耗模式进行了调查。然后评估了ICS和SBD降低能耗和相应排放的潜力。对采用ICS和SBD技术的障碍的识别和排序也进行了调查。在本研究中，使用长期能源替代规划系统(LEAP)模型来评估能源消耗和相应的减排。然后，运用层次分析(AHP)模型对障碍因素进行识别和排序。LEAP模型的结果表明，在2002-2030年期间，ICS的累计能源消耗和相应的减排总量分别为27887.7千吨二氧化碳当量和10041.0万吨二氧化碳当量。每年每吨二氧化碳当量的平均减排成本，燃木灶具为0.95美元，木炭灶具为0.35美元。在SBD方面，在2002-2030年期间，液化石油气(LPG)消费和二氧化碳减排总量累计分别为5780.9ktoe和1548.8万吨二氧化碳当量。AHP对壁垒排名的分析结果表明，采用ICS的三个最重要的障碍是：(1)投资成本高；(2)缺乏信息；(3)缺乏资金来源。对于SBD来说，最重要的三个障碍是(I)高昂的投资成本，(Ii)缺乏资金来源，以及(Iii)缺乏专家和熟练的人力。实施可持续能源三角战略(SET)是为了克服采用可持续能源三角战略的障碍。结果表明，传统的灶具被成功地取代(每年超过20%)。关于SBD，实施了沼气池项目(BPP)，以解决沼气供应过剩的问题。结果还表明，BPP是一种合适的战略。
This paper presents the strategies to overcome barriers to the adoption of improved cooking stove (ICS) and small biogas digester (SBD) technologies in Thailand. Firstly, to obtain the appropriate strategies to implement the ICS and the SBD, a pattern of energy consumption in the residential sector is investigated. Then the potential of reduction of energy consumption and corresponding emissions by the ICS and the SBD is assessed. The identification and ranking of barriers to the adoption of the ICS and the SBD technologies are also investigated. In this study the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model is used to assess the energy consumption and the corresponding emissions reduction. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is used to identify and rank the barriers. Results from the LEAP model show that the cumulative total energy consumption and corresponding emissions reductions during the period 2002–2030 by the ICS are 27,887.7 ktoe and 10,041.0 thousand tonnes of CO2equivalent, respectively. An average emissions reduction cost per tonne of CO2equivalent per year is US$ 0.95 for a fuel wood cooking stove and US$ 0.35 for a charcoal cooking stove. Regarding the SBD, the cumulative total liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) consumption reduction and CO2mitigation are 5780.9ktoe and 1548.8 thousand tonnes of CO2equivalent during the period 2002–2030, respectively. Results from AHP analysis of ranking of barriers show that the three most important barriers in the adoption of the ICS are (i) high investment cost, (ii) lack of information, and (iii) lack of financial sources. For the SBD, the three most important barriers are (i) high investment cost, (ii) lack of financial sources, and (iii) lack of experts and skilled manpower. The sustainable energy triangle strategy (SETS) is implemented to overcome barriers in the adoption of the ICS. Results show that the traditional cooking stoves are successfully replaced (more than 20% per year). Regarding the SBD, the biogas pool project (BPP) is implemented to resolve the over supply of biogas. Results also show that the BPP is a proper strategy.