Neural and behavioral indicators of cognitive control in preschoolers with and without prenatal opioid exposure
Neural and behavioral indicators of cognitive control in preschoolers with and without prenatal opioid exposure
复制标题
有或没有产前阿片类药物暴露的学龄前儿童认知控制的神经和行为指标
DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2023.2196397
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kujawa, Autumn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cárdenas, Emilia F.;Hill, Kaylin E.;Estes, Elizabeth;Ravi, Sanjana;Molnar, Andrew E.;Humphreys, Kathryn L.;Kujawa, Autumn
产前阿片类药物暴露是阿片类药物流行的后果之一，但对儿童发育的影响仍知之甚少。越来越多的证据表明，在子宫内接触阿片类药物的儿童表现出较高的情绪和行为问题，这可能部分归因于认知控制的改变。本研究使用多种方法（即神经心理学、行为和事件相关电位 [ERP] 评估），检查了产前阿片类药物暴露（n= 21）和没有（n= 23）的学龄前儿童情绪、行为和认知控制困难的差异（Mage= 4.30，SD= 0.77 年）。通过看护者问卷来测量儿童的情绪和行为问题，使用适合发育的行为（即延迟贴现、Go/No-Go）和神经心理学（即Statue）任务来测量认知控制指标，并记录脑电图以记录Go/No-Go任务中的错误和正确反应。 ERP 分析侧重于错误相关消极性 (ERN)（反映错误监控的 ERP）和正确响应消极性 (CRN)（更普遍地反映绩效监控的组件）。阿片类药物暴露与跨领域困难增加和 ERN 减弱相关，反映了神经水平认知控制的改变，但各组在认知控制的行为测量上没有显着差异。这些结果重复了先前的研究，表明产前阿片类药物暴露与学龄前儿童的行为问题之间存在关联。此外，我们的研究结果表明，这些差异可能部分是由于产前接触阿片类药物的儿童在神经水平上表现出认知控制困难。 ERN 是未来研究和干预工作的潜在目标，以解决产前阿片类药物暴露的后遗症。
Prenatal opioid exposure is one consequence of the opioid epidemic, but effects on child development remain poorly understood. There is emerging evidence that children exposed to opioids in utero exhibit elevated emotional and behavioral problems, which may be partially due to alterations in cognitive control. Using multiple methods (i.e., neuropsychological, behavioral, and event-related potential [ERP] assessments), the present study examined differences in emotional, behavioral, and cognitive control difficulties in preschool-aged children with (n= 21) and without (n= 23) prenatal opioid exposure (Mage= 4.30,SD= 0.77 years). Child emotional and behavioral problems were measured with a caregiver questionnaire, indicators of cognitive control were measured using developmentally appropriate behavioral (i.e., delay discounting, Go/No-Go) and neuropsychological (i.e., Statue) tasks, and electroencephalogram was recorded to error and correct responses in a Go/No-Go task. ERP analyses focused on the error-related negativity (ERN), an ERP that reflects error monitoring, and correct-response negativity (CRN), a component reflecting performance monitoring more generally. Opioid exposure was associated with elevated difficulties across domains and a blunted ERN, reflecting altered cognitive control at the neural level, but groups did not significantly differ on behavioral measures of cognitive control. These result replicate prior studies indicating an association between prenatal opioid exposure and behavioral problems in preschool-aged children. Further, our findings suggest these differences may be partially due to children with prenatal opioid exposure exhibiting difficulties with cognitive control at the neural level. The ERN is a potential target for future research and intervention efforts to address the sequelae of prenatal opioid exposure.