ASYMMETRIC PATCH SIZE DISTRIBUTION LEADS TO DISRUPTIVE SELECTION ON DISPERSAL
ASYMMETRIC PATCH SIZE DISTRIBUTION LEADS TO DISRUPTIVE SELECTION ON DISPERSAL
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01143.x
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Jarne, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Massol, Francois;Duputie, Anne;Jarne, Philippe
人们设计了许多模型来了解当生物生活在破碎的景观中时，扩散能力是如何演变的。他们中的大多数人预测一个单一的扩散率在进化平衡，当分散率的多样化已被预测，它发生作为一个响应扰动或环境波动制度。然而，在自然种群和群落中，即使在相对稳定的环境中，也观察到扩散能力的丰富变化。我们发现，这种多样化可以在一个简单的岛屿模型没有时间变异：破坏性选择扩散发生时，环境由许多小的和几个大的补丁，在自然空间系统中的一个共同特征。这种异质性的补丁大小的结果在一个高变异性的相关补丁伴侣的数量由个人，这反过来，触发破坏性选择通过高人均方差的包容性健身。我们的研究提供了一个可能的，简约的和可测试的解释，在自然界中遇到的扩散率的多样性。这也表明，旨在保护生态群落的生物保护政策，应努力保持足够的不对称和可变的斑块大小的分布。
Numerous models have been designed to understand how dispersal ability evolves when organisms live in a fragmented landscape. Most of them predict a single dispersal rate at evolutionary equilibrium, and when diversification of dispersal rates has been predicted, it occurs as a response to perturbation or environmental fluctuation regimes. Yet abundant variation in dispersal ability is observed in natural populations and communities, even in relatively stable environments. We show that this diversification can operate in a simple island model without temporal variability: disruptive selection on dispersal occurs when the environment consists of many small and few large patches, a common feature in natural spatial systems. This heterogeneity in patch size results in a high variability in the number of related patch mates by individual, which, in turn, triggers disruptive selection through a high per capita variance of inclusive fitness. Our study provides a likely, parsimonious and testable explanation for the diversity of dispersal rates encountered in nature. It also suggests that biological conservation policies aiming at preserving ecological communities should strive to keep the distribution of patch size sufficiently asymmetric and variable.