Novel phthalocyanines activated by dim light for mosquito larva- and cell-inactivation with inference for their potential as broad-spectrum photodynamic insecticides
Novel phthalocyanines activated by dim light for mosquito larva- and cell-inactivation with inference for their potential as broad-spectrum photodynamic insecticides
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0217355
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发表时间：
2019-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shin-Hong Shiao;Shih-Che Weng;Liqiang Luan;M. Vicente;Xiong-Jie Jiang;D. Ng;B. Kolli;K. Chang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shin-Hong Shiao;Shih-Che Weng;Liqiang Luan;M. Vicente;Xiong-Jie Jiang;D. Ng;B. Kolli;K. Chang
蚊子是重要的媒介，负责传播严重的传染病，包括最近由例如寨卡病毒、登革热病毒和基孔肯雅病毒引起的全球性流行病。用于控制蚊子的化学杀虫剂是有毒的，并且由于对它们的抗药性的发展而无效。通过释放转基因雄性蚊子导致雌性不育来减少蚊子数量的新方法仍在进行环境安全评估。光动力杀虫剂（PDI）长期以来被认为是一种安全有效的替代品，它利用染料作为光敏剂（PS），通过光活化产生杀虫单线态氧和活性氧物种。这种方法值得重新审查与新的PS，如酞菁（PC）的化学合成的进展。比较了9种PC与5种卟啉衍生物和2种卤代荧光素的经典PS（即氰核苷和玫瑰红）对实验室饲养的伊蚊幼虫及其细胞系的光动力学处理（PDT）。第二龄幼虫的组首先暴露在黑暗中的每种PS的分级浓度过夜，然后暴露于昏暗的光长达7小时。每小时检查实验组和对照组的幼虫的活力。单层蚊子细胞同样PS敏化，并短暂暴露于光在PS特定的激发波长。通过MTT还原测定评估细胞活力。在16种光动力学灭活蚊幼虫的PS中，有效的是三种新的PC，即氨基-Si-PC 1和-PC 2，苯胺Zn-PC 3.4，吡啶氧基Si-PC 14和两种卟啉衍生物，即TPPS 2和TMAP。测定了它们的EC 50值，所有的EC 50值都在低于玫瑰红和氰核苷的纳摩尔范围内。所有在体内有效的PS在体外也被发现具有剂量依赖性的光动力学作用，为它们的杀幼虫活性提供了细胞基础。目前的研究结果，新的PC具有有效的光动力杀幼虫活动提供了新的动力，PDI的发展，其建立的优势，在安全性和有效性。为此，昆虫细胞系对于快速筛选新的PC具有价值。PC与昆虫不可见红光的最佳兴奋性被推断为具有扩大可靶向害虫范围的潜力。
Mosquitoes are significant vectors, responsible for transmitting serious infectious diseases, including the recent epidemics of global significance caused by, for example, Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses. The chemical insecticides in use for mosquito control are toxic and ineffective due to the development of resistance to them. The new approach to reduce mosquito population by releasing genetically modified males to cause female infertility is still under environmental safety evaluation. Photodynamic insecticides (PDI) have long been known as a safe and effective alternative by using dyes as the photosensitizers (PS) for activation with light to generate insecticidal singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species. This approach warrants re-examination with advances in the chemical synthesis of novel PS, e.g. phthalocyanines (PC). Nine PC were compared with five porphyrin derivatives and two classic PS of halogenated fluoresceins, i.e. cyanosine and rose bengal experimentally for photodynamic treatment (PDT) of the larvae of laboratory-reared Aedes mosquitoes and their cell lines. Groups of 2nd instar larvae were first exposed overnight to graded concentrations of each PS in the dark followed by their exposure to dim light for up to 7 hours. Larvae of both experimental and control groups were examined hourly for viability based on their motility. Monolayers of mosquito cells were similarly PS-sensitized and exposed briefly to light at the PS-specific excitation wavelengths. Cell viability was assessed by MTT reduction assays. Of the 16 PS examined for photodynamic inactivation of the mosquito larvae, effective are three novel PC, i.e. amino-Si-PC1 and -PC2, anilinium Zn-PC3.4, pyridyloxy Si-PC14 and two porphyrin derivatives, i.e. TPPS2 and TMAP. Their EC50 values were determined, all falling in the nanomolar range lower than those of rose bengal and cyanosine. All PS effective in vivo were also found to dose-dependently inactivate mosquito cells photodynamically in vitro, providing cellular basis for their larvicidal activities. The present findings of novel PC with effective photodynamic larvicidal activities provide fresh impetus to the development of PDI with their established advantages in safety and efficacy. Toward that end, the insect cell lines are of value for rapid screening of new PC. The optimal excitability of PC with insect-invisible red light is inferred to have the potential to broaden the range of targetable insect pests.