Changes in culture, changes in personality: the influence of individualism in a longitudinal study of women.
Changes in culture, changes in personality: the influence of individualism in a longitudinal study of women.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.641
复制
发表时间：
1997-03
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Brent W. Roberts;R. Helson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brent W. Roberts;R. Helson
美国文化中日益增长的个人主义对人格发展的影响是用H. Gough（1991）最近开发的一个指数来调查的，该指数追踪了1950年至1985年个人主义的变化。从1958年到1989年，77名女性（分别在21岁、27岁、43岁和52岁进行评估）的个人主义指数有所上升，这与同期大样本的变化是平行的。个人主义指数的增加与自我关注（自恋）的增加和规范遵守的减少有关。在漫长的中期（1963-1964年至1981年），当发生最大的变化时，通过大学年龄自我力量和调整的测量预测了增长，并显示出43岁时心理社会和身体健康的正相关。在20世纪60年代末和70年代，个人主义的增加可能有助于妇女对妇女角色的根本变化作出反应。
The influence of increasing individualism in U.S. culture on personality development was investigated with an index recently developed by H. Gough (1991) that traces changes in individualism from 1950 to 1985. Seventy-seven women followed from 1958 to 1989 (assessed at ages 21, 27, 43, and 52) showed increases on the index of individualism that paralleled changes in large cross-sectional samples over the same period. Increases on the individualism index were associated with increases in self-focus (narcissism) and decreases in norm adherence. Increases over the long middle period (1963-1964 to 1981), when the largest change occurred, were predicted by college-age measures of ego strength and adjustment and showed a positive relation to psychosocial and physical health at age 43. Increases in individualism may have helped women respond to radical changes in women's roles during the late 1960s and 1970s.