Employment Precarity and Increased Risk of Hazardous Occupational Exposures Among Residents of High Socioeconomic Hardship Neighborhoods.
Employment Precarity and Increased Risk of Hazardous Occupational Exposures Among Residents of High Socioeconomic Hardship Neighborhoods.
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DOI：
10.1093/annweh/wxac062
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发表时间：
2022-11-15
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
虽然有证据表明，在非标准的就业安排的工人不成比例地暴露于公认的职业危害，现有的研究还没有全面审查这些工人在美国的就业不稳定性和暴露于职业危害之间的关联。本研究旨在探讨芝加哥两个相邻的高社会经济困难社区的就业不稳定性和职业危害之间的关系。使用社区为基础的参与式研究方法，社区研究人员管理的社区开发的调查大劳恩代尔的489名居民报告当前或最近的就业，满足至少一个特征的不稳定就业（如不可预测的时间表，不安全的工作，没有生活工资/福利）。就业不稳定性的计算使用的就业不稳定性指数（EPI）的修改版本开发的贫困和就业不稳定性在南安大略组。我们用逻辑回归模型模拟了就业不稳定性和职业暴露之间的关系。我们发现，在这个样本中，不稳定的就业率很高，以及自我报告暴露于公认的职业危害的患病率很高。相对就业不稳定性的增加与自我报告的化学和生物危害、物理危害以及工作中的滑倒、绊倒、罢工、跌倒、陷阱或挤压危害显著相关。结果强调了使用社区研究方法和就业特征的强有力措施，如EPI，评估就业不稳定性和危险暴露之间的关联的重要性。这些结果表明，就业情况的变化和由此产生的相对就业不稳定性是暴露于公认的职业危害的重要预测因素。研究结果还表明，就业不稳定的工人中观察到的健康不公平可能部分解释为暴露于职业危害的风险增加，这对社区健康的影响，并应在未来的纵向研究进行调查。
While there is evidence that workers in nonstandard employment arrangements are disproportionately exposed to recognized occupational hazards, existing studies have not comprehensively examined associations between employment precarity and exposure to occupational hazards for these workers in the USA. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between employment precarity and occupational hazards in two contiguous high socio-economic hardship neighborhoods in Chicago. Using a community-based participatory research approach, community researchers administered a community-developed survey to 489 residents of Greater Lawndale who reported current or recent employment in a job that met at least one characteristic of precarious employment (e.g. unpredictable schedule, insecure work, no living wage/benefits). Employment precarity was calculated using a modified version of the Employment Precarity Index (EPI) developed by the Poverty and Employment Precarity in Southern Ontario group. We modeled the association between employment precarity and occupational exposures using logistic regression models. We identified a high prevalence of precarious employment in this sample, as well as a high prevalence of self-reported exposure to recognized occupational hazards. Increases in relative employment precarity were significantly associated with self-reported exposure to chemical and biological hazards, physical hazards, and slip, trip, strike, fall, trap or crush hazards at work. Results highlight the importance of using community research approaches and robust measures of employment characteristics, such as the EPI, to evaluate associations between employment precarity and hazardous exposures. These results suggest that variability in employment situations and resultant relative employment precarity are important predictors of exposure to recognized occupational hazards. Findings also suggest that health inequities observed among precariously employed workers may be partly explained by increased risk for exposure to occupational hazards, which has implications for community health and should be investigated in future longitudinal research.
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DOI：
10.1097/00001648-199001000-00010
发表时间：
1990-01-01
期刊：
Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rothman, K J
通讯作者：
Rothman, K J
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Anderson, Naomi J.;Smith, Caroline K.;Foley, Michael P.
通讯作者：
Foley, Michael P.
DOI：
10.1177/1048291117712545
发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bonney, Tessa;Forst, Linda;Fulkerson, Sean
通讯作者：
Fulkerson, Sean
提出一种社会生态学方法，以解决小型企业雇用的低薪和少数族裔工人的职业暴露和健康方面的差异。
DOI：
10.1038/s41370-021-00317-5
发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Ingram M;Wolf AMA;López-Gálvez NI;Griffin SC;Beamer PI
通讯作者：
Beamer PI
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Asfaw A
通讯作者：
Asfaw A