Pholcid spider molecular systematics revisited, with new insights into the biogeography and the evolution of the group
Pholcid spider molecular systematics revisited, with new insights into the biogeography and the evolution of the group
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00419.x
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Huber, Bernhard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dimitrov, Dimitar;Astrin, Jonas J.;Huber, Bernhard A.
我们分析了从165 pholcids和34个外类群，以测试和改进最近修订的家庭分类的7个遗传标记。我们的研究结果是基于迄今为止研究pholcid关系的最大和最全面的分子数据集。数据进行了分析，使用简约，最大似然和贝叶斯方法进行系统发育重建。我们发现，在一些以前有问题的情况下，分子和形态学数据收敛到一个单一的假设。这也是第一个明确提出pholcid多样化年龄的研究，并打算阐明形成物种多样性和分布的因素。放松不相关的对数正态时钟分析的结果表明，该家庭是远远超过化石记录显示单独。第一批pholcids的出现和多样化在中生代早期约207Ma前（185228Ma）前的超大陆泛古陆解体。生态位保守主义的Vicariance事件加上似乎发挥了重要作用，在设置pholcids的分布格局。最后，我们的数据提供了进一步的支持，在几个pholcid谱系的微生境偏好的多个收敛的转变。我们的研究结果表明，适应性和非适应性的物种形成可能发挥了重要作用，在pholcid谱系的多样化。
We analysed seven genetic markers sampled from 165 pholcids and 34 outgroups in order to test and improve the recently revised classification of the family. Our results are based on the largest and most comprehensive set of molecular data so far to study pholcid relationships. The data were analysed using parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods for phylogenetic reconstruction. We show that in several previously problematic cases molecular and morphological data are converging towards a single hypothesis. This is also the first study that explicitly addresses the age of pholcid diversification and intends to shed light on the factors that have shaped species diversity and distributions. Results from relaxed uncorrelated lognormal clock analyses suggest that the family is much older than revealed by the fossil record alone. The first pholcids appeared and diversified in the early Mesozoic about 207Ma ago (185228Ma) before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangea. Vicariance events coupled with niche conservatism seem to have played an important role in setting distributional patterns of pholcids. Finally, our data provide further support for multiple convergent shifts in microhabitat preferences in several pholcid lineages. Our findings suggest that both adaptive and non-adaptive speciation may have played an important role in the diversification of pholcid lineages.