From sauropsids to mammals and back: New approaches to comparative cortical development.
From sauropsids to mammals and back: New approaches to comparative cortical development.
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.23871
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发表时间：
2016-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Molnár Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Montiel JF;Vasistha NA;Garcia-Moreno F;Molnár Z
哺乳动物新皮质（异皮质）的进化一直是神经生物学研究的热点问题。虽然最近的研究试图了解人类新皮层从啮齿动物进化而来，但类似的方法已被用于研究爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物之间的变化。我们回顾了过去几十年来在各种现存物种的发育、组织和基因表达模式方面的发现。这篇综述的目的是比较皮层细胞数量和神经元细胞类型的发展，祖细胞群和他们的增殖在这些物种。一些祖细胞，如脑室放射状胶质细胞、脑室下中间祖细胞和脑室下（外）放射状胶质细胞，已被确定，但每种祖细胞通过特定谱系对皮层层和细胞类型的贡献，以及它们在决定脑大小或皮层折叠中的可能作用，尚不清楚。在整个物种中，更大、更多样化的祖细胞与皮质大小和细胞多样性有关。我们面临的挑战是将新皮层的径向和切向扩张与哺乳动物进化过程中增殖室的变化以及发育中的大脑各部分明显的基因表达和谱系的变化联系起来。我们还回顾了最近的谱系追踪和转录组学方法的使用，以重新审视理论，并提供涉及皮质区域规范的分子过程的新理解。[j] .中国生物医学工程学报，2016。©2015作者。Wiley期刊公司出版的比较神经病学杂志。
Evolution of the mammalian neocortex (isocortex) has been a persisting problem in neurobiology. While recent studies have attempted to understand the evolutionary expansion of the human neocortex from rodents, similar approaches have been used to study the changes between reptiles, birds, and mammals. We review here findings from the past decades on the development, organization, and gene expression patterns in various extant species. This review aims to compare cortical cell numbers and neuronal cell types to the elaboration of progenitor populations and their proliferation in these species. Several progenitors, such as the ventricular radial glia, the subventricular intermediate progenitors, and the subventricular (outer) radial glia, have been identified but the contribution of each to cortical layers and cell types through specific lineages, their possible roles in determining brain size or cortical folding, are not yet understood. Across species, larger, more diverse progenitors relate to cortical size and cell diversity. The challenge is to relate the radial and tangential expansion of the neocortex to the changes in the proliferative compartments during mammalian evolution and with the changes in gene expression and lineages evident in various sectors of the developing brain. We also review the use of recent lineage tracing and transcriptomic approaches to revisit theories and to provide novel understanding of molecular processes involved in specification of cortical regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:630–645, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.