Extracellular vesicles and aging.
Extracellular vesicles and aging.
复制标题
DOI：
10.21037/sci.2017.12.03
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Robbins, Paul D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robbins, Paul D
老龄化和与老龄化相关的慢性病给我们的医疗保健系统带来了巨大的负担。随着世界人口在未来几十年急剧老龄化，这一数字只会增加。因此，迫切需要发现老龄化的基本机制，以便制定策略，将老龄化对我们健康和经济的影响降至最低。人们普遍认为，细胞自主机制有助于衰老。当细胞随着时间的推移而积累损伤时，它们会通过触发单个细胞的命运决定来做出反应，最终破坏组织的动态平衡，从而增加发病的风险。然而，有许多证据表明，细胞非自主机制对衰老也是至关重要的，包括异慢性异种共生和血浆转移。此外，随着年龄的增长，在组织中积累的衰老细胞可以表现出衰老相关的分泌表型，这种分泌表型通过非细胞自主机制促进衰老和组织动态平衡的丧失(S)。鉴于血源性细胞外小泡在调节免疫反应、血管生成和组织再生方面的不同作用，它们可能通过细胞非自主机制在调节衰老过程中发挥关键作用。事实上，衰老的细胞释放更多的EV，并且具有不同的成分，这表明它们有助于衰老对衰老的不利影响。此外，来自功能前体细胞的EVS促进组织再生的能力表明，干细胞来源的EVS可以用于治疗以延长健康寿命。本文就EVS在衰老中的潜在作用、基于EV的治疗应用在延长健康寿命方面的应用以及将循环EVS用作不健康衰老的生物标记物的潜力进行综述。
Aging and the chronic diseases associated with aging place a tremendous burden on our healthcare system. As our world population ages dramatically over the next decades, this will only increase. Hence, there is a great need to discover fundamental mechanisms of aging to enable development of strategies for minimizing the impact of aging on our health and economy. There is general agreement that cell autonomous mechanisms contribute to aging. As cells accrue damage over time, they respond to it by triggering individual cell fate decisions that ultimately disrupt tissue homeostasis and thus increase risk of morbidity. However, there are numerous lines of evidence, including heterochronic parabiosis and plasma transfer, indicating that cell non-autonomous mechanisms are critically important for aging as well. In addition, senescent cells, which accumulate in tissues with age, can display a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that contributes to driving aging and loss of tissue homeostasis through a non-cell autonomous mechanism(s). Given the diverse roles of blood-borne extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating not only the immune response, but also angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, they likely play a key role in modulating the aging process through cell non-autonomous mechanisms. The fact that senescent cells release more EVs and with a different composition suggests they contribute to the adverse effects of senescence on aging. In addition, the ability of EVs from functional progenitor cells to promote tissue regeneration suggests that stem cell-derived EVs could be used therapeutically to extend healthspan. This review focuses on the potential roles of EVs in aging, the potential of EV-based therapeutic applications for extending healthspan and the potential for use of circulating EVs as biomarkers of unhealthy aging.