Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c140068
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Rudnicki, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dumont, Nicolas A.;Bentzinger, C. Florian;Rudnicki, Michael A.
骨骼肌对于运动、姿势支持、呼吸和产热等重要功能至关重要。肌肉组织主要由长的、有丝分裂后的多核纤维组成。肌肉组织的终身维持是由卫星细胞介导的，卫星细胞位于肌纤维附近。肌卫星细胞是一个异质性群体，具有肌肉干细胞的一小部分，称为卫星干细胞。在稳态条件下，所有的卫星细胞都准备好被刺激物激活，如物理创伤或生长信号。活化后，卫星干细胞进行对称分裂以扩大其数量或进行不对称分裂以产生定向卫星细胞的群体并因此产生祖细胞。肌源性祖细胞增殖，并最终通过彼此融合或与受损纤维融合而分化，以重建纤维完整性和功能。近年来，研究已经开始解开控制卫星细胞行为的内在和外在机制。尽管如此，卫星细胞与其动态微环境的复杂的细胞和分子相互作用的理解仍然是一个重大挑战，特别是在病理条件下。这篇综述的目的是全面总结目前的知识卫星细胞的特点，功能和行为在肌肉再生和病理条件。(C)2015美国生理学会。
Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions. (C) 2015 American Physiological Society.