Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub
Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9198
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发表时间：
2022-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Whitehead，Susan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maynard，Lauren D.;Moureau，Elodie;Whitehead，Susan R.
气候变化是一个日益严重的全球性问题，但其后果在各区域将各不相同。热带物种被假设为具有降低的气候适应性和可塑性。然而，相对于温带物种，人们对它们将如何应对气候变化的了解较少。温度升高和大气中的CO2可以通过改变物种特征或丰度直接影响植物-草食动物系统，或者通过改变控制生物体策略和相互作用的关系的强度和方向间接影响。我们在新热带区潮湿森林中使用开顶室，应用主动变暖和CO2施肥的全因子组合来研究气候变化对常见的新热带灌木Piper generalense中植物-食草动物相互作用的地上短期影响。我们旨在回答两个主要问题：（1）气候变化是否会通过直接影响植物生长速率、化学防御和/或昆虫植食性损害率来改变植物-植食性系统？（2）气候变化是否会通过改变（a）植物资源分配在生长和防御之间的权衡强度或（B）植物化学防御对草食动物的有效性来间接影响植物-草食动物系统？没有一个小气候处理对植物生长、化学防御或食草动物的损害有直接影响。然而，在模拟气候变化条件的处理中，我们确实观察到生长与化学防御之间存在正相关关系，这部分支持了生长分化平衡假说。我们没有检测到任何影响的处理植物化学防御的有效性对植食动物。看来，在这个系统中，增加CO2浓度和温度可能会导致间接的，级联的后果，即使直接影响是不可观察的。我们建议更多的气候变化实验解决多营养相互作用，不仅关注生物体的直接反应，而且关注气候变化如何重构管理复杂生物系统的关系。
Climate change is a mounting global issue, but its consequences will be variable across regions. Tropical species are hypothesized to have reduced climatic adaptability and plasticity. Yet, relative to temperate species, less is understood about how they will respond to climate change. Rising temperature and atmospheric CO2could impact plant–herbivore systems directly by altering species traits or abundances, or the effects could be indirect by altering the strength and direction of the relationships that govern organismal strategies and interactions. Using open‐top chambers in a Neotropical wet forest, we applied a full‐factorial combination of active warming and CO2fertilization to investigate the above‐ground, short‐term effects of climate change on plant–herbivore interactions in a common Neotropical shrub,Piper generalense. We aimed to answer two main questions: (1) Could climate change alter plant–herbivore systems through direct effects on plant growth rate, chemical defense, and/or insect herbivore damage rate? and (2) Could climate change affect plant–herbivore systems indirectly by altering (a) the strength of plant resource allocation trade‐offs between growth and defense or (b) the effectiveness of plant chemical defense against herbivory? None of the microclimate treatments had direct effects on plant growth, chemical defense, or herbivore damage. However, we did observe a positive relationship between growth and chemical defense in treatments mimicking climate‐change conditions, which partially supports the growth–differentiation balance hypothesis. We did not detect any effects of treatments on the effectiveness of plant chemical defense against herbivory. It appears that, in this system, increased CO2concentration and temperature may cause indirect, cascading consequences, even where direct effects are not observable. We recommend more climate‐change experiments addressing multi‐trophic interactions that focus not only on the direct responses of organisms but also on the ways in which climate change can restructure the relationships that govern complex biotic systems.