25 years of CBNRM in Namibia: A retrospective on accomplishments, contestation and contemporary challenges
25 years of CBNRM in Namibia: A retrospective on accomplishments, contestation and contemporary challenges
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纳米比亚 CBNRM 25 周年：成就、争议和当代挑战回顾
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Julie Taylor
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文献类型：
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作者：
Karine Nuulimba;Julie Taylor
纳米比亚的自然资源保护计划于1998年正式启动，到2005年，以社区为基础的自然资源管理（CBNRM）在纳米比亚的国家发展计划中得到了牢固的确立。全国农村居民对水利模式的接受和CBNRM收益的增长非常迅速。该国的CBNRM政策被称赞为南部非洲同类政策中最进步的。鉴于纳米比亚CBNRM的演变与殖民和种族隔离的更广泛的历史进程以及这些系统产生的高度倾斜的土地分配有关，在评估CBNRM时出现的反复出现的主题并不令人惊讶：它们取决于制度、权威、“社区”内的异类利益，以及农村土地所有权的不确定性。本文考察了CBNRM的成功及其引发的学术批评，重要的是，对纳米比亚CBNRM今天面临的主要挑战进行了评估，包括对保护区快速增长的可持续支持，环境捐赠格局的变化，以及国际反狩猎游说团体的兴起。我们的目的是从学术和从业者的角度提供观点。
Namibia’s conservancy programme was launched officially in 1998 and, by 2005, Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) was firmly established in Namibia’s national development plans. The uptake of the conservancy model by rural residents all over the country and the growth in CBNRM earnings, have been extraordinarily rapid. The country’s CBNRM policies have been lauded as the most progressive of their kind in southern Africa. Given that the evolution of CBNRM in Namibia is linked to the broader historical processes of colonisation and apartheid, and the highly skewed land distribution which those systems engendered, the recurring themes that arise in evaluating CBNRM are no surprise: they hinge on institutions, authority, heterogeneous interests within ‘communities’, and the un¬certainty of rural land tenure. This article examines both CBNRM’s successes as well as the academic criticism it generates, and, importantly, offers an assessment of key challenges facing Namibian CBNRM today, including the sustainable support of the rapid growth of conservancies, changes in the environmental donor landscape, and the rise of an international anti-hunting lobby. Our intention is to provide perspectives from both an academic and a practitioner’s point of view.