Is whole grain intake associated with reduced total and cause-specific death rates in older women? The Iowa women's health study
Is whole grain intake associated with reduced total and cause-specific death rates in older women? The Iowa women's health study
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.89.3.322
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Folsom, AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobs, DR;Meyer, KA;Folsom, AR
目标.本研究旨在确定营养丰富的全谷物是否能降低死亡风险。这项研究包括38740名爱荷华州妇女，年龄在55至69岁之间。食物频率调查表被用来获得粮食摄入量的数据。全谷物摄入量的五分位数中位数从每天0.2份到3份以上不等。摄入量高的女性有更健康的生活方式和更少的基线疾病。总死亡率随着五分位数的增加而下降，癌症、心血管疾病和其他原因合并的模式重复出现。调整生活方式和基线疾病，总死亡的相对危险率比约为0.85，在日常消费的全谷物。结果持续存在于基线健康和患病的分层中，并且不能用膳食纤维解释。总死亡率，但不是心血管疾病死亡率，在经常食用精制谷物的人群中较高。总死亡风险与全谷物摄入量呈负相关，与精制谷物摄入量呈正相关。精制谷物占能量摄入的20%以上，全谷物占1%。在美国，用全谷物代替精制谷物可能会降低慢性疾病的风险。
Objectives. This study sought to determine whether nutrient-rich whole grains reduce mortality risk.Methods. The study included 38 740 Iowa women, aged 55 to 69 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain data on grain intake.Results. Median whole grain intake quintiles ranged from a median of 0.2 to more than 3 servings per day. Women with higher intakes had healthier lifestyles and less baseline disease. The total death rate decreased in increasing quintiles, and the pattern repeated for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other causes combined. Adjusted for Lifestyle and baseline disease, the relative hazard rate ratio for total death was about 0.85 in daily consumers of whole grain. Findings persisted in strata of baseline healthy and diseased and were not explained by dietary fiber. Rates of total mortality, but not cardiovascular disease mortality, were higher among frequent consumers of refined grain.Conclusions. Total mortality risk was inversely associated with whole grain intake and positively associated with refined grain intake. Refined grains contributed more than 20% of energy intake, and whole grains contributed 1%. Substitution of whole for refined grain may reduce chronic disease risk in the United States.