Isotopic reconnaissance of urban water supply system dynamics
Isotopic reconnaissance of urban water supply system dynamics
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DOI：
10.5194/hess-22-6109-2018
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发表时间：
2018-11-28
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Bowen, Gabriel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jameel, Yusuf;Brewer, Simon;Bowen, Gabriel J.
公共供水系统（PWSS）是关键的基础设施，容易受到污染和物理破坏。探索PWSS对这种扰动的敏感性需要对供应系统结构和操作有详细的了解。大多数工业化大都市的分配系统的物理结构（即管道连接）和来源的基本信息都有记录。然而，关于PWSS函数的大多数信息来自水动力模型，这些模型很少得到观测数据的验证。在发展中地区，由于关于PWSS的物理结构的信息可能不正确、不完整、未记录或在许多城市难以获得，这个问题可能会变得更加严重。在这里，我们提出了一种新的水稳定同位素（SIW）应用，以量化不同水源的贡献，识别静态和动态区域（例如，主要由一个水源供应的区域与多个水源之间的活跃混合区域），并重建大型复杂PWSS中的基本流动模式。我们的分析基于Bayesian混合模型框架，使用了有关SIW和来源产量的基本信息，但不需要系统中管道连接的信息。我们的工作强调了水中稳定同位素分析PWSS的能力，并记录了供应系统结构和操作的各个方面，否则可能很难观察到。该方法可以使水资源管理者记录PWSS内流动模式的时空变化，验证水动力学模型结果，跟踪污染物传播途径，优化供水操作，并有助于监测和执行水权。
Public water supply systems (PWSS) are critical infrastructure that is vulnerable to contamination and physical disruption. Exploring susceptibility of PWSS to such perturbations requires detailed knowledge of supply system structure and operation. The physical structure of the distribution system (i.e., pipeline connections) and basic information on sources are documented for most industrialized metropolises. Yet, most information on PWSS function comes from hydrodynamic models that are seldom validated using observational data. In developing regions, the issue may be exasperated as information regarding the physical structure of the PWSS may be incorrect, incomplete, undocumented, or difficult to obtain in many cities. Here, we present a novel application of stable isotopes in water (SIW) to quantify the contribution of different water sources, identify static and dynamic regions (e.g., regions supplied chiefly by one source vs. those experiencing active mixing between multiple sources), and reconstruct basic flow patterns in a large and complex PWSS. Our analysis, based on a Bayesian mixing model framework, uses basic information on the SIW and production volumes of sources but requires no information on pipeline connections in the system. Our work highlights the ability of stable isotopes in water to analyze PWSS and document aspects of supply system structure and operation that can otherwise be challenging to observe. This method could allow water managers to document spatiotemporal variation in flow patterns within PWSS, validate hydrodynamic model results, track pathways of contaminant propagation, optimize water supply operation, and help monitor and enforce water rights.