Neuropeptide Y - A novel sympathetic stress hormone and more
Neuropeptide Y - A novel sympathetic stress hormone and more
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44683.x
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
ZukowskaGrojec, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ZukowskaGrojec, Z
一些证据表明，NPY是一种神经递质和神经激素，错综复杂地参与身体的应激反应，因此应该被认为是一种“应激分子”。因此，循环血浆NPY水平会因应激而升高，特别是在应激严重或持续的情况下。应激刺激交感神经和肾上腺髓质(某些物种还包括血小板)释放NPY，此外，还调节NPY的失活。应激诱导的血浆NPY水平除了增强儿茶酚胺的作用外，还可能达到收缩血管本身的浓度。反过来，应激期间循环中儿茶酚胺水平的升高似乎会导致血管对NPY的过敏。因此，该肽可能负责应激诱导的局部血管收缩(内脏、冠状动脉和大脑)，但也可能发挥其他可能是应激反应一部分的作用：促进血小板聚集、白细胞黏附和巨噬细胞激活。NPY的释放和作用似乎受到睾酮的上调和雌激素的下调；因此，NPY在男性应激诱导的心血管事件中可能具有特别重要的作用。除了急性血管收缩作用外，NPY还发挥慢性作用，刺激血管平滑肌增殖和血管肥大，因此，可能是应激和潜在的慢性血管变化之间的联系。
Several lines of evidence suggest that NPY is a neurotransmitter and neurohormone intricately involved in stress responses of the body, and as such should be considered a" stress molecule." Thus, circulating plasma NPY levels are increased by stress particularly if it is severe or prolonged. Stress stimulates the release of NPY from the sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla (in some species also from platelets), and in addition, modulates NPY inactivation. Stress-induced plasma NPY levels may reach the concentrations that are vasoconstrictive per se in addition to potentiating the actions of catecholamines. Reciprocally, elevated circulating levels of catecholamines during stress appear to induce hypersensitivity of blood vessels to NPY. Consequently, the peptide may be responsible for stress-induced regional vasoconstriction (splanchnic, coronary, and cerebral) but also may exert other actions that may be a part of the stress response: facilitate platelet aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and macrophage activation. NPY release and actions appear to be up-regulated by testosterone and down-regulated by estrogens; therefore, NPY may be of particular importance to stress-induced cardiovascular events in men. In addition to acute vasoconstrictive effects, NPY exerts chronic actions and stimulates vascular smooth muscle proliferation and vascular hypertrophy, and hence, may be a link between stress and potential chronic changes in blood vessels.