The Fight Over Columbia Basin Salmon Spills and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams
The Fight Over Columbia Basin Salmon Spills and the Future of the Lower Snake River Dams
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哥伦比亚盆地鲑鱼泄漏之争和下蛇河大坝的未来
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Doug DeRoy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Blumm;Doug DeRoy
美国最长期的环境-能源冲突之一涉及众多哥伦比亚盆地鲑鱼物种的困境，这些鲑鱼必须通过联邦哥伦比亚河流电力系统（FCRPS），这是一系列水力发电大坝，使该盆地成为世界上最高度发达的流域之一。虽然FCRPS大坝产生了相当数量的低成本水电，但由于FCRPS大坝的建设和运营造成的死亡导致该流域鲑鱼被列入濒危物种法。自从四分之一个世纪前列出这些清单以来，联邦政府一直在努力提出能够经受住司法审查的生物学意见，但一再未能做到这一点。最新一轮的诉讼导致俄勒冈州的联邦地区法院重新发布指令，修改目前的生物学意见，并在过渡期间在几个大坝上溢水，以促进鲑鱼的迁徙。2018年，第九巡回法院维持了泄漏指令，但美国众议院很快投票推翻了这一决定，参议院现在正在考虑此事。
本文考虑了最新一轮的哥伦比亚盆地鲑鱼诉讼和国会干预的威胁。我们还研究了四个蛇河FCRPS大坝，已被证明是特别危险的上市鲑鱼的命运。这些水坝无法控制洪水，也无法提供容易更换的电力和驳船航行，而驳船航行也有现成的替代品。文章认为，由于这四座水坝无法通过合理的成本效益测试，国会不应该采取行动修改法院下令的泄漏，而是下令拆除蛇河下游的水坝，这将开始恢复上市的蛇河鲑鱼，并导致华盛顿东部和俄勒冈州以及爱达荷州的蛇盆地的经济转型。
One of the nation’s most longstanding environmental-energy conflicts concerns the plight of numerous Columbia Basin salmon species which must navigate the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS), a series of hydroelectric dams that make the basin one of the most highly developed in the world. Although the FCRPS dams produce a considerable amount of low-cost hydropower, the mortalities they cause due to the construction and operation of FCRPS dams led to Endangered Species Act listings for the basin’s salmon. Since those listings a quarter-century ago, the federal government has struggled to produce biological opinions that can survive judicial scrutiny, repeatedly failing to do so. The latest round of litigation resulted in renewed directive from the federal district court of Oregon to revise the current biological opinion and to spill water at several dams in the interim to facilitate salmon migration. The directive to spill was upheld by the Ninth Circuit in 2018, but the U.S. House of Representatives quickly voted to overturn that decision, and the Senate now has the matter under consideration.
This article considers the latest round of Columbia Basin salmon litigation and the threat of congressional intervention. We also examine the fate of four Snake River FCRPS dams that have proved particularly hazardous to listed salmon. These dams provide no flood control, easily replaceable power, and barge navigation for which there are also ready substitutes. The article maintains that since these four dams can pass no reasonable cost-benefit test, Congress should not act to revise the court-ordered spills but instead order the lower Snake River dams removed, which would begin the restoration the listed Snake River salmon and result in the transformation of the economy of the Snake Basin in eastern Washington and Oregon, and in Idaho.