The Stereoscopic Anisotropy Develops During Childhood.
The Stereoscopic Anisotropy Develops During Childhood.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1167/iovs.15-17766
复制
发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Read JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Serrano-Pedraza I;Herbert W;Villa-Laso L;Widdall M;Vancleef K;Read JC
人类视觉具有令人费解的立体各向异性：水平深度波纹比垂直深度波纹更容易检测。迄今为止，人们对造成这种各向异性的功能或潜在机制知之甚少。在这里，我们的目的是找出这种各向异性是否与年龄无关。为了回答这个问题，我们比较了水平和垂直深度波纹的检测阈值作为年龄的函数。深度波纹仅由随机点图案的水平差异定义。差异描绘了空间频率 0.1 cyc/deg 的水平或垂直正弦深度波纹。使用贝叶斯自适应阶梯从 3 岁至 73 岁的总共 159 名受试者中获得检测阈值。对于每个参与者，我们计算了各向异性指数，定义为垂直波纹检测阈值除以水平波纹检测阈值的 log10 比率。各向异性指数在个体之间差异很大，但 87% 的参与者为正值。各向异性指数和对数年龄之间存在显着相关性（r = 0.21，P = 0.008），这主要是由儿童和成人之间的显着差异驱动的。在 67 名 3 至 13 岁的儿童中，平均各向异性指数为 0.34 ± 0.38（平均值 ± SD，意味着垂直阈值平均是水平阈值的 2.2 倍），而 84 名 18 至 73 岁成人的平均各向异性指数为 0.59 ± 0.55（垂直阈值是水平阈值的 3.9 倍）。这主要是由于对垂直波纹的敏感性下降所致。儿童的立体视觉比成人差，但对水平波纹的敏感性与成人相似，并且实际上比成人对垂直波纹更敏感。成年人比儿童表现出更强的立体各向异性这一事实提出了视觉体验在发展和加强立体各向异性方面发挥关键作用的可能性。
Human vision has a puzzling stereoscopic anisotropy: horizontal depth corrugations are easier to detect than vertical depth corrugations. To date, little is known about the function or the underlying mechanism responsible for this anisotropy. Here, we aim to find out whether this anisotropy is independent of age. To answer this, we compare detection thresholds for horizontal and vertical depth corrugations as a function of age. The depth corrugations were defined solely by the horizontal disparity of random dot patterns. The disparities depicted a horizontal or vertical sinusoidal depth corrugation of spatial frequency 0.1 cyc/deg. Detection thresholds were obtained using Bayesian adaptive staircases from a total of 159 subjects aged from 3 to 73 years. For each participant we computed the anisotropy index, defined as the log10-ratio of the detection threshold for vertical corrugations divided by that for horizontal. Anisotropy index was highly variable between individuals but was positive in 87% of the participants. There was a significant correlation between anisotropy index and log-age (r = 0.21, P = 0.008) mainly driven by a significant difference between children and adults. In 67 children aged 3 to 13 years, the mean anisotropy index was 0.34 ± 0.38 (mean ± SD, meaning that vertical thresholds were on average 2.2 times the horizontal ones), compared with 0.59 ± 0.55 in 84 adults aged 18 to 73 years (vertical 3.9 times horizontal). This was mainly driven by a decline in the sensitivity to vertical corrugations. Children had poorer stereoacuity than adults, but had similar sensitivity to adults for horizontal corrugations and were actually more sensitive than adults to vertical corrugations. The fact that adults show stronger stereo anisotropy than children raises the possibility that visual experience plays a critical role in developing and strengthening the stereo anisotropy.