Lossless and Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images With Public-Key Cryptography
Lossless and Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images With Public-Key Cryptography
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DOI：
10.1109/tcsvt.2015.2433194
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Xinpeng Zhang;Jing Long;Zichi Wang;Hang Cheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xinpeng Zhang;Jing Long;Zichi Wang;Hang Cheng
针对具有概率和同态性质的公钥密码体制加密的密文图像，提出了一种无损、可逆和组合的数据隐藏方案。在无损方案中，将密文像素替换为新值，通过多层湿纸编码将附加数据嵌入密文像素的多个最低有效位平面。然后，可以直接从加密域中提取嵌入的数据，并且数据嵌入操作不会影响原始明文图像的解密。在可逆方案中，在图像加密之前对图像直方图进行了预处理，使得对加密图像进行数据嵌入的修改不会导致明文域的任何像素过饱和。虽然引入了轻微的失真，但嵌入的数据可以被提取出来，并且可以从直接解密的图像中恢复原始图像。由于无损和可逆方案之间的兼容性，可以在加密图像中同时执行这两种方式的数据嵌入操作。利用这一组合技术，接收方可以在解密前提取一部分嵌入数据，解密后提取另一部分嵌入数据并恢复原始明文图像。
This paper proposes lossless, reversible, and combined data hiding schemes for ciphertext images encrypted by public-key cryptosystems with probabilistic and homomorphic properties. In the lossless scheme, the ciphertext pixels are replaced with new values to embed the additional data into several least significant bit planes of ciphertext pixels by multilayer wet paper coding. Then, the embedded data can be directly extracted from the encrypted domain, and the data-embedding operation does not affect the decryption of original plaintext image. In the reversible scheme, a preprocessing is employed to shrink the image histogram before image encryption, so that the modification on encrypted images for data embedding will not cause any pixel oversaturation in plaintext domain. Although a slight distortion is introduced, the embedded data can be extracted and the original image can be recovered from the directly decrypted image. Due to the compatibility between the lossless and reversible schemes, the data-embedding operations in the two manners can be simultaneously performed in an encrypted image. With the combined technique, a receiver may extract a part of embedded data before decryption, and extract another part of embedded data and recover the original plaintext image after decryption.